DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5325.494. Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems

10.1126/science.277.5325.494

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction. By these and other standards, it is clear that we live on a human-dominated planet.

Bibliography

Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Lubchenco, J., & Melillo, J. M. (1997). Human Domination of Earthâs Ecosystems. Science, 277(5325), 494â499.

Authors 4

Peter M. Vitousek (first)
Harold A. Mooney (additional)
Jane Lubchenco (additional)
Jerry M. Melillo (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 5:39 a.m.)
Deposited	8 months, 3 weeks ago (Dec. 8, 2024, 12:52 p.m.)
Indexed	15 hours, 35 minutes ago (Aug. 31, 2025, 7:30 p.m.)
Issued	28 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 1997)
Published	28 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 1997)
Published Print	28 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 1997)

Funders 0

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BibTeX

@article{Vitousek_1997, title={Human Domination of Earth’s Ecosystems}, volume={277}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.494}, DOI={10.1126/science.277.5325.494}, number={5325}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Vitousek, Peter M. and Mooney, Harold A. and Lubchenco, Jane and Melillo, Jerry M.}, year={1997}, month=jul, pages={494–499} }

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