DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5317.1415. Induction of Leaf Primordia by the Cell Wall Protein Expansin

Induction of Leaf Primordia by the Cell Wall Protein Expansin

10.1126/science.276.5317.1415

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Expansins are extracellular proteins that increase plant cell wall extensibility in vitro. Beads loaded with purified expansin induced bulging on the leaf-generating organ, the apical meristem, of tomato plants. Some of these bulges underwent morphogenesis to produce leaflike structures, resulting in a reversal of the direction of phyllotaxis. Thus, expansin can induce tissue expansion in vivo, and localized control of tissue expansion may be sufficient to induce leaf formation. These results suggest a role for biophysical forces in the regulation of plant development.

Bibliography

Fleming, A. J., McQueen-Mason, S., Mandel, T., & Kuhlemeier, C. (1997). Induction of Leaf Primordia by the Cell Wall Protein Expansin. Science, 276(5317), 1415â1418.

Authors 4

Andrew J. Fleming (first)
Simon McQueen-Mason (additional)
Therese Mandel (additional)
Cris Kuhlemeier (additional)

References 32 Referenced 320

T. A. Steeves and I. M. Sussex Patterns in Plant Development (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 1989); (10.1017/CBO9780511626227)
Medford J. I., Plant Cell 4, 1029 (1992); (10.2307/3869472) / Plant Cell by Medford J. I. (1992)
; L. G. Smith and S. Hake ibid. p. 1017.
Hake S., Trends Genet. 8, 109 (1992); (10.1016/0168-9525(92)90065-C) / Trends Genet. by Hake S. (1992)
10.1242/dev.120.2.405
10.1016/0092-8674(94)90291-7
Selker J. M. L., Steucek G. L., Green P. B., Dev. Biol. 153, 29 (1992); (10.1016/0012-1606(92)90089-Y) / Dev. Biol. by Selker J. M. L. (1992)
; P. B. Green Ann. Bot. (London) 77 515 (1996). (10.1006/anbo.1996.0062)
McQueen-Mason S., Durachko D. M., Cosgrove D. J., Plant Cell 4, 1425 (1992); / Plant Cell by McQueen-Mason S. (1992)
McQueen-Mason S., Cosgrove D. J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 6574 (1994); (10.1073/pnas.91.14.6574) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by McQueen-Mason S. (1994)
Shcherban T. Y., et al., ibid. 92, 9245 (1995). / ibid. by Shcherban T. Y. (1995)
Beads (Sephacryl HR S-300 Pharmacia) were loaded with expansin by incubation overnight at 4°C. After centrifugation and washing with 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) one to five beads were positioned on the I2 position of apices with the use of a drawn capillary needle. Expansin was purified from cucumber hypocotyls (4) and prepared in 50 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.8). The fractions used had an extension activity of 3.5 to 4.2% per hour with no detectable glycosidase activity. Vegetative tomato apices were dissected leaving either P2 and P1 or only P1 intact together with a subapical region of 3 to 5 mm. Apices were cultured [
Hussey G., J. Exp. Bot. 22, 688 (1971); (10.1093/jxb/22.3.688) / J. Exp. Bot. by Hussey G. (1971)
] with a 16-hour-light 8-hour-dark cycle at 20°C.
Confocal microscopy was performed as described [
Running M. P., Clark S. E., Meyerowitz E. M., Methods Cell Biol. 49, 217 (1995); (10.1016/S0091-679X(08)61456-9) / Methods Cell Biol. by Running M. P. (1995)
] with the exception that washing steps were shortened to retain staining of the cell wall. Apices were viewed with a Zeiss LSM 310 microscope and an argon laser and the propidium iodide signal was visualized through an LP590 filter. Images were stored and processed with Zeiss software.
Tissue fixation sectioning and in situ hybridization with the rbcS and expansin probes were as described (8). Signals were visualized through a polarizing filter set with epifluorescent illumination and the silver particles were rendered red and superimposed on a bright-field image of the section. No substantial signal above background was apparent after hybridization with sense probes.
Fleming A. J., Mandel T., Roth I., Kuhlemeier C., Plant Cell 5, 297 (1993); / Plant Cell by Fleming A. J. (1993)
Fleming A. J., Manzara T., Gruissem W., Kuhlemeier C., Plant J. 10, 745 (1996). (10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10040745.x) / Plant J. by Fleming A. J. (1996)
Snow M., Snow R., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 221, 1 (1931). / Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B by Snow M. (1931)
Szymkowiak E. J., Sussex I. M., Plant Cell 4, 1089 (1992); / Plant Cell by Szymkowiak E. J. (1992)
10.1242/dev.121.1.27
Wang N., Butler J. P., Ingber D. E., Science 260, 1124 (1993). (10.1126/science.7684161) / Science by Wang N. (1993)
Roberts K., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6, 688 (1994); (10.1016/0955-0674(94)90095-7) / Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. by Roberts K. (1994)
Brownlee C., Berger F., Trends Genet. 11, 344 (1995); (10.1016/S0168-9525(00)89104-0) / Trends Genet. by Brownlee C. (1995)
; R. S. Quatrano and S. L. Shaw Trends Plant Sci. 2 15 (1997). (10.1016/S1360-1385(96)10049-2)
D. V. Basile in Bryophyte Development and Physiology R. N. Chopra and S. C. Bhatla Eds. (CRC Press Boca Raton FL 1990) pp. 225–243.
De Jong A. J., et al., Plant Cell 4, 425 (1992). (10.1105/tpc.4.4.425) / Plant Cell by De Jong A. J. (1992)
An expansin clone was isolated from meristem cDNA (8) by reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction with primers designed from the published sequences (4). This cDNA fragment (expansin 18) which showed 73.8% identity to the cucumber sequence CuExS1 over the amplified 144 base pairs was used as a substrate for riboprobe synthesis and in situ hybridization (7).
Reymond P., Grünberger S., Paul K., Müller M., Farmer E. E., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 4195 (1995). (10.1073/pnas.92.10.4145) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by Reymond P. (1995)
We thank A. Buchala and E. Farmer for endocellulase and oligogalacturonic acid respectively; I. Sussex P. Green C. Smart and I. Dupuis for constructive criticism; H. Imboden for use of the confocal imaging facility; and M. Kummer for scientific artwork. Supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation grant to C.K. and A.J.F.

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 5:45 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 11:01 p.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks, 1 day ago (Aug. 7, 2025, 4:52 a.m.)
Issued	28 years, 3 months ago (May 30, 1997)
Published	28 years, 3 months ago (May 30, 1997)
Published Print	28 years, 3 months ago (May 30, 1997)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Fleming_1997, title={Induction of Leaf Primordia by the Cell Wall Protein Expansin}, volume={276}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5317.1415}, DOI={10.1126/science.276.5317.1415}, number={5317}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Fleming, Andrew J. and McQueen-Mason, Simon and Mandel, Therese and Kuhlemeier, Cris}, year={1997}, month=may, pages={1415–1418} }

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