Abstract
As stars are created by the gravitational contraction of knots in giant interstellar clouds, they shed angular momentum and magnetic and gravitational energy in an interplay of complex circumstellar structures: swirling disks, fast collimated jets, and shock waves in the surrounding cloud. Many of these structures were inferred a decade ago from ground-based telescope observations. The high resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope and other instruments has now revealed these circumstellar regions in great detail, showing features never before imagined. In the Orion Nebula alone, examples of all types of interactions between young stars and their environment can be seen simultaneously, highlighting circumstellar dynamics in sharp relief in one of astronomy’s most famous objects.
References
75
Referenced
10
-
P. M. Solomon D. B. Sanders N. Scoville in The Large Scale Characteristics of Galaxies International Astronomical Union Symposium No. 84 W. B. Burton Ed. (Reidel Dordrecht Netherlands 1979) pp. 35-52
(
10.1017/S0074180900014169
) - N. J. Evans in Protostars and Planets T. Gehrels Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press Tucson AZ 1978) pp. 153-164
-
J. Scalo in Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta C. Hiosi A. D. Fazio Eds. (Kluwer Dordrecht Netherlands 1990) pp. 151-177
(
10.1007/978-94-009-0605-1_12
) -
L. Blitz in Physics of Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution C. Lada and N. Kylafis Eds. (Kluwer Dordrecht Netherlands 1991) pp. 3-33.
(
10.1007/978-94-011-3642-6_1
) -
Shu F. H., Adams F. C., Lizano S., Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25, 23 (1987);
(
10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.000323
) / Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. by Shu F. H. (1987) - Hayashi C., ibid. 4, 171 (1966). / ibid. by Hayashi C. (1966)
-
Staude H. J., Elsässer H., Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 5, 165 (1993).
(
10.1007/BF00873542
) / Astron. Astrophys. Rev. by Staude H. J. (1993) -
Mundt R., Fried J., Astrophys. J. 274, L83 (1983);
(
10.1086/184155
) / Astrophys. J. by Mundt R. (1983) -
; R. Mundt in Stellar Jets and Bi-Polar Outflows L. Errico and A. Vittone Eds. (Kluwer Dordrecht Netherlands 1993) pp. 91–107.
(
10.1007/978-94-011-1924-5_21
) -
Schwartz R. D., Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 21, 209 (1983);
(
10.1146/annurev.aa.21.090183.001233
) / Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. by Schwartz R. D. (1983) -
Hartigan P., Raymond J., Hartmann L., Astrophys. J. 316, 323 (1986).
(
10.1086/165204
) / Astrophys. J. by Hartigan P. (1986) -
Herbig G. H., Astrophys. J. 113, 697 (1951);
(
10.1086/145440
) / Astrophys. J. by Herbig G. H. (1951) - Haro G., ibid. 115, 572 (1952). / ibid. by Haro G. (1952)
-
F. H. Shu et al. ibid. 429 781 (1994)
(
10.1086/174363
) -
P. Hartigan S. Edwards L. Ghandour ibid. 452 736 (1995).
(
10.1086/176344
) -
F. H. Shu S. P. Ruden C. J. Lada S. Lizano ibid. 370 L31 (1991)
(
10.1086/185970
) -
G. Pelletier and R. E. Pudritz ibid. 394 117 (1992)
(
10.1086/171565
) -
M. Wardle and A. Königl ibid. 410 218 (1993)
(
10.1086/172739
) - M. Camenzind Rev. Mod. Astron. 3 324 (1990).
-
C. Goudis The Orion Complex: A Case Study of Interstellar Matter (Reidel Dordrecht Netherlands 1982); A. E. Glassgold P. J. Huggins E. L. Shucking Eds. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 395 (1982);
(
10.1007/978-94-009-7712-9
) -
Genzel R., Stutski J., Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 27, 41 (1989).
(
10.1146/annurev.aa.27.090189.000353
) / Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. by Genzel R. (1989) -
Elmegreen B. G., Lada C. J., Astrophys. J. 214, 725 (1977).
(
10.1086/155302
) / Astrophys. J. by Elmegreen B. G. (1977) 10.1086/115385
-
M. R. Meyer N. Calvet L. A. Hillenbrand ibid. in press; K. M. Strom S. E. Strom S. Edwards S. Cabrit M. F. Skrutskie ibid. 97 1451 (1989).
(
10.1086/115085
) -
C. J. Lada J. Alves E. A. Lada ibid. 111 1964 (1996); J. M. Carpenter M. R. Meyer C. Dougados S. E. Strom L. A. Hillenbrand in preparation.
(
10.1086/117933
) -
Bertout C., Basri G., Bouvier J., Astrophys. J. 330, 350 (1988);
(
10.1086/166476
) / Astrophys. J. by Bertout C. (1988) - Simon M., Chen W. P., Howell R. R., Slovik D., ibid. 384, 212 (1992); / ibid. by Simon M. (1992)
-
; L. Prato and M. Simon ibid. 474 455 (1997).
(
10.1086/303442
) -
O’Dell C. R., Wong S. K., Astron. J. 111, 846 (1996).
(
10.1086/117832
) / Astron. J. by O’Dell C. R. (1996) -
Sargent A. I., Welch W. J., Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 31, 297 (1993).
(
10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.001501
) / Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. by Sargent A. I. (1993) - The primitive solar nebula is thought to have been approximately 100 AU in diameter; contained about 0.1 M ⊙ of material; and remained stable for approximately 10 6 years during which time the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn and the cores of the terrestrial planets Mercury Venus Earth and Mars were created.
-
Beckwith S. V. W., Sargent A. I., Nature 383, 139 (1996).
(
10.1038/383139a0
) / Nature by Beckwith S. V. W. (1996) - See the Web site at williams/planetsearch/planetsearch.html
- Mundt R., Ray T. P., Bührke T., Raga A. C., Solf J., Astron. Astrophys. 232, 37 (1990). / Astron. Astrophys. by Mundt R. (1990)
- Crosswell K., Hartmann L., Avrett E. H., Astrophys. J. 312, 277 (1987); / Astrophys. J. by Crosswell K. (1987)
- Calvet N., Hartmann L., Kenyon S. J., ibid. 402, 623 (1993); / ibid. by Calvet N. (1993)
- ; S. Edwards T. Ray R. Mundt in Protostars and Planets III E. H. Levy and J. I. Lunine Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press Tucson AZ 1990) pp. 567–602.
-
Heathcote S., et al., Astron. J. 112, 1141 (1996);
(
10.1086/118085
) / Astron. J. by Heathcote S. (1996) 10.1086/310239
-
Burrows C. R., et al., Astrophys. J. 473, 437 (1996).
(
10.1086/178156
) / Astrophys. J. by Burrows C. R. (1996) -
Raga A. C., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 264, 758 (1993);
(
10.1093/mnras/264.3.758
) / Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. by Raga A. C. (1993) -
Hartigan P., Morse J. A., Cecil G., Astrophys. J. 414, L121 (1993);
(
10.1086/187011
) / Astrophys. J. by Hartigan P. (1993) 10.1038/385409a0
-
Hartmann L., Kenyon S. J., Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34, 207 (1996).
(
10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.207
) / Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. by Hartmann L. (1996) - R. Bachiller ibid. p. 111.
- Bouvier J., Cabrit S., Fernandez M., Martin E. L., Matthews J. M., Astron. Astrophys. 272, 176 (1993); / Astron. Astrophys. by Bouvier J. (1993)
-
Edwards S., et al., Astron. J. 106, 372 (1993).
(
10.1086/116646
) / Astron. J. by Edwards S. (1993) -
Zuckerman B., Astrophys. J. 183, 863 (1973);
(
10.1086/152273
) / Astrophys. J. by Zuckerman B. (1973) - O’Dell C. R., Wen Z., ibid. 387, 229 (1992); / ibid. by O’Dell C. R. (1992)
-
; C. R. O’Dell J. H. Valk Z. Wen D. M. Meyer ibid. 403 678 (1993); Z. Wen and C. R. O’Dell ibid. 438 784 (1995).
(
10.1086/172238
) -
McCaughrean M. J., Stauffer J. R., Astron. J. 108, 1382 (1994);
(
10.1086/117160
) / Astron. J. by McCaughrean M. J. (1994) -
Herbig G. H., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 395, 64 (1982).
(
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb43379.x
) / Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. by Herbig G. H. (1982) - J. Bally D. D. Levine R. Sutherland Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrophys. (Serie de Conferencias) 1 19 (1995);
-
Henney W. J., Raga A. C., Lizano S., Curiel S., Astrophys. J. 463, 216 (1996);
(
10.1086/177414
) / Astrophys. J. by Henney W. J. (1996) - ; W. J. Henney J. Meaburn A. C. Raga R. Massey Astron. Astrophys. in press; D. Hollenbach
-
Johnstone D., Lizano S., Shu F., Astrophys. J. 428, 654 (1994).
(
10.1086/174276
) / Astrophys. J. by Johnstone D. (1994) -
C. R. Prosser et al. Astrophys. J. 421 517 (1994).
(
10.1086/173668
) - L. A. Hillenbrand Astron. J. in press.
- Laques P., Vidal J.-L., Astron. Astrophys. 73, 93 (1979); / Astron. Astrophys. by Laques P. (1979)
10.1086/165648
-
O’Dell C. R., Wen Z., Hu X., Astrophys. J. 410, 696 (1993);
(
10.1086/172786
) / Astrophys. J. by O’Dell C. R. (1993) - O’Dell C. R., Wen Z., ibid. 436, 194 (1994). / ibid. by O’Dell C. R. (1994)
-
McCaughrean M. J., O’Dell C. R., Astron. J. 108, 1382 (1996).
(
10.1086/117160
) / Astron. J. by McCaughrean M. J. (1996) - Hester J. J., et al., ibid. 111, 2349 (1996); / ibid. by Hester J. J. (1996)
- ; D. Johnstone et al. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. in press.
- Lada E. A., Dutrey A., Guilloteau S., Mundy L., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 189, 5301L (1997). / Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. by Lada E. A. (1997)
10.1126/science.276.5317.1363
-
Skrutskie M. F., Dutkevitch D., Strom S. E., Edwards S., Strom K. M., Astron. J. 99, 1187 (1990).
(
10.1086/115407
) / Astron. J. by Skrutskie M. F. (1990) - S. E. Strom Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrophys. (Serie de Conferencias) 1 317 (1995);
-
O’Dell C. R., Wong S. K., Astron. J. 111, 846 (1996);
(
10.1086/117832
) / Astron. J. by O’Dell C. R. (1996) - Stauffer J. R., Prosser C. F., Hartmann L., McCaughrean M. J., ibid. 108, 1375 (1994). / ibid. by Stauffer J. R. (1994)
-
Appenzeller I., Mundt R., Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 1, 291 (1991);
(
10.1007/BF00873081
) / Astron. Astrophys. Rev. by Appenzeller I. (1991) -
Bertout C., Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 27, 351 (1989).
(
10.1146/annurev.aa.27.090189.002031
) / Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. by Bertout C. (1989) 10.1086/310239
- This review was prepared while C.R.O. was on leave from Rice University in Houston TX and was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Max-Planck-Society of Germany and NASA grant NAG5-1625. We are grateful to J. Bally of the University of Colorado; to R. Mundt for some of the images used in the figures; and to M. Meyer R. Mundt and J. Staude for comments on the manuscript.
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 5:37 a.m.) |
Deposited | 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 11:03 p.m.) |
Indexed | 11 months, 4 weeks ago (Sept. 6, 2024, 11:45 a.m.) |
Issued | 28 years, 3 months ago (May 30, 1997) |
Published | 28 years, 3 months ago (May 30, 1997) |
Published Print | 28 years, 3 months ago (May 30, 1997) |
@article{O_Dell_1997, title={Young Stars and Their Surroundings}, volume={276}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5317.1355}, DOI={10.1126/science.276.5317.1355}, number={5317}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={O’Dell, C. Robert and Beckwith, Steven V. W.}, year={1997}, month=may, pages={1355–1359} }