Crossref
journal-article
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Science (221)
Abstract
A signaling pathway has been elucidated whereby growth factors activate the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), a critical regulator of immediate early gene transcription. Growth factor-stimulated CREB phosphorylation at serine-133 is mediated by the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MAPK activates CREB kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates CREB. Purification, sequencing, and biochemical characterization of CREB kinase revealed that it is identical to a member of the pp90 RSK family, RSK2. RSK2 was shown to mediate growth factor induction of CREB serine-133 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify a cellular function for RSK2 and define a mechanism whereby growth factor signals mediated by RAS and MAPK are transmitted to the nucleus to activate gene expression.
References
36
Referenced
1,019
- ALCORTA D.A., SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION OF CHICKEN AND MOUSE RSK - HOMOLOGS OF XENOPUS-LAEVIS RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 9, 3850 (1989). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY / SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION OF CHICKEN AND MOUSE RSK - HOMOLOGS OF XENOPUS-LAEVIS RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE by ALCORTA D.A. (1989)
- AUSUBEL F.M., CURRENT PROTOCOLS MO (1994). / CURRENT PROTOCOLS MO by AUSUBEL F.M. (1994)
- BERKOWITZ L.A., MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ELEMENTS OF A SINGLE FUNCTIONAL CLASS ARE REQUIRED FOR CYCLIC-AMP RESPONSIVENESS OF THE MOUSE C-FOS PROMOTER, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 9, 4272 (1989). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY / MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ELEMENTS OF A SINGLE FUNCTIONAL CLASS ARE REQUIRED FOR CYCLIC-AMP RESPONSIVENESS OF THE MOUSE C-FOS PROMOTER by BERKOWITZ L.A. (1989)
-
BERKOWITZ L.A., 2 DISTINCT FORMS OF ACTIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CREB (CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT BINDING-PROTEIN), PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87, 5258 (1990).
(
10.1073/pnas.87.14.5258) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / 2 DISTINCT FORMS OF ACTIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CREB (CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT BINDING-PROTEIN) by BERKOWITZ L.A. (1990) -
BJORBAEK C, CLONING OF A HUMAN INSULIN-STIMULATED PROTEIN-KINASE (ISPK-1) GENE AND ANALYSIS OF CODING REGIONS AND MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS OF THE ISPK-1 AND THE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 GENES IN MUSCLE FROM NIDDM PATIENTS, DIABETES 44, 90 (1995).
(
10.2337/diab.44.1.90) / DIABETES / CLONING OF A HUMAN INSULIN-STIMULATED PROTEIN-KINASE (ISPK-1) GENE AND ANALYSIS OF CODING REGIONS AND MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS OF THE ISPK-1 AND THE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 GENES IN MUSCLE FROM NIDDM PATIENTS by BJORBAEK C (1995) -
BLENIS J, SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION VIA THE MAP KINASES - PROCEED AT YOUR OWN RSK, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90, 5889 (1993).
(
10.1073/pnas.90.13.5889) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION VIA THE MAP KINASES - PROCEED AT YOUR OWN RSK by BLENIS J (1993) -
BONNI A, SERINE 133-PHOSPHORYLATED CREB INDUCES TRANSCRIPTION VIA A COOPERATIVE MECHANISM THAT MAY CONFER SPECIFICITY TO NEUROTROPHIN SIGNALS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE 6, 168 (1995).
(
10.1006/mcne.1995.1015) / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE / SERINE 133-PHOSPHORYLATED CREB INDUCES TRANSCRIPTION VIA A COOPERATIVE MECHANISM THAT MAY CONFER SPECIFICITY TO NEUROTROPHIN SIGNALS by BONNI A (1995) -
CHARLES C.H., THE GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCIBLE IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE 3CH134 ENCODES A PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90, 5292 (1993).
(
10.1073/pnas.90.11.5292) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / THE GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCIBLE IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE 3CH134 ENCODES A PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE by CHARLES C.H. (1993) - CHEN R.H., NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION AND REGULATION OF ERK-ENCODED AND RSK-ENCODED PROTEIN-KINASES, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 12, 915 (1992). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY / NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION AND REGULATION OF ERK-ENCODED AND RSK-ENCODED PROTEIN-KINASES by CHEN R.H. (1992)
-
CHEN R.H., PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE C-FOS TRANSREPRESSION DOMAIN BY MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE AND 90-KDA RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90, 10952 (1993).
(
10.1073/pnas.90.23.10952) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE C-FOS TRANSREPRESSION DOMAIN BY MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE AND 90-KDA RIBOSOMAL S6 KINASE by CHEN R.H. (1993) -
CHUNG J, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED SWISS MOUSE 3T3 RSK KINASE-I AND KINASE-II ARE RELATED TO PP44MPK FROM SEA STAR OOCYTES AND PARTICIPATE IN THE REGULATION OF PP90RSK ACTIVITY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88, 4981 (1991).
(
10.1073/pnas.88.11.4981) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / MITOGEN-ACTIVATED SWISS MOUSE 3T3 RSK KINASE-I AND KINASE-II ARE RELATED TO PP44MPK FROM SEA STAR OOCYTES AND PARTICIPATE IN THE REGULATION OF PP90RSK ACTIVITY by CHUNG J (1991) -
GILLE H, PHOSPHORYLATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR P62TCF BY MAP KINASE STIMULATES TERNARY COMPLEX-FORMATION AT C-FOS PROMOTER, NATURE 358, 414 (1992).
(
10.1038/358414a0) / NATURE / PHOSPHORYLATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR P62TCF BY MAP KINASE STIMULATES TERNARY COMPLEX-FORMATION AT C-FOS PROMOTER by GILLE H (1992) -
GINTY D.D., NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR ACTIVATES A RAS-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE THAT STIMULATES C-FOS TRANSCRIPTION PHOSPHORYLATION OF CREB, CELL 77, 713 (1994).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(94)90055-8) / CELL / NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR ACTIVATES A RAS-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE THAT STIMULATES C-FOS TRANSCRIPTION PHOSPHORYLATION OF CREB by GINTY D.D. (1994) 10.1126/science.8097062-
GROVE J.R., REGULATION OF AN EPITOPE-TAGGED RECOMBINANT RSK-1 S6 KINASE BY PHORBOL ESTER AND ERK/MAP KINASE, BIOCHEMISTRY 32, 7727 (1993).
(
10.1021/bi00081a018) / BIOCHEMISTRY / REGULATION OF AN EPITOPE-TAGGED RECOMBINANT RSK-1 S6 KINASE BY PHORBOL ESTER AND ERK/MAP KINASE by GROVE J.R. (1993) -
HERSCHMAN H.R., PRIMARY RESPONSE GENES INDUCED BY GROWTH-FACTORS AND TUMOR PROMOTERS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 60, 281 (1991).
(
10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.001433) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY / PRIMARY RESPONSE GENES INDUCED BY GROWTH-FACTORS AND TUMOR PROMOTERS by HERSCHMAN H.R. (1991) -
HSIAO K.M., EVIDENCE THAT INACTIVE P42 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE AND INACTIVE RSK EXIST AS A HETERODIMER IN-VIVO, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 91, 5480 (1994).
(
10.1073/pnas.91.12.5480) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / EVIDENCE THAT INACTIVE P42 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE AND INACTIVE RSK EXIST AS A HETERODIMER IN-VIVO by HSIAO K.M. (1994) -
JANKNECHT R, ACTIVATION OF TERNARY COMPLEX FACTOR ELK-1 BY MAP KINASES, EMBO JOURNAL 12, 5097 (1993).
(
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06204.x) / EMBO JOURNAL / ACTIVATION OF TERNARY COMPLEX FACTOR ELK-1 BY MAP KINASES by JANKNECHT R (1993) -
JONES S.W., A XENOPUS RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-S6 KINASE HAS 2 APPARENT KINASE DOMAINS THAT ARE EACH SIMILAR TO DISTINCT PROTEIN-KINASES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85, 3377 (1988).
(
10.1073/pnas.85.10.3377) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / A XENOPUS RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-S6 KINASE HAS 2 APPARENT KINASE DOMAINS THAT ARE EACH SIMILAR TO DISTINCT PROTEIN-KINASES by JONES S.W. (1988) -
MARAIS R, THE SRF ACCESSORY PROTEIN ELK-1 CONTAINS A GROWTH FACTOR-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION DOMAIN, CELL 73, 381 (1993).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90237-K) / CELL / THE SRF ACCESSORY PROTEIN ELK-1 CONTAINS A GROWTH FACTOR-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION DOMAIN by MARAIS R (1993) -
MARSHALL C.J., CURR OPIN GENE DEV 4, 82 (1994).
(
10.1016/0959-437X(94)90095-7) / CURR OPIN GENE DEV by MARSHALL C.J. (1994) -
MIRANTI C.K., CALCIUM ACTIVATES SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION BY A RAS-INDEPENDENT AND ELK-1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM THAT INVOLVES A CA2(+)/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT KINASE, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 15, 3672 (1995).
(
10.1128/MCB.15.7.3672) / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY / CALCIUM ACTIVATES SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION BY A RAS-INDEPENDENT AND ELK-1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM THAT INVOLVES A CA2(+)/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT KINASE by MIRANTI C.K. (1995) -
MOLLER D.E., HUMAN RSK ISOFORMS - CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 266, C351 (1994).
(
10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.2.C351) / AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY / HUMAN RSK ISOFORMS - CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION by MOLLER D.E. (1994) - RIVERA V.M., A GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCED KINASE PHOSPHORYLATES THE SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR AT A SITE THAT REGULATES ITS DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 13, 6260 (1993). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY / A GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCED KINASE PHOSPHORYLATES THE SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR AT A SITE THAT REGULATES ITS DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY by RIVERA V.M. (1993)
-
ROBERTSON L.M., REGULATION OF C-FOS EXPRESSION IN TRANSGENIC MICE REQUIRES MULTIPLE INTERDEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL ELEMENTS, NEURON 14, 241 (1995).
(
10.1016/0896-6273(95)90282-1) / NEURON / REGULATION OF C-FOS EXPRESSION IN TRANSGENIC MICE REQUIRES MULTIPLE INTERDEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL ELEMENTS by ROBERTSON L.M. (1995) - SAMBROOK J, MOL CLONING (1989). / MOL CLONING by SAMBROOK J (1989)
-
SCIMECA J.C., NERVE GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE IN PC12 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS - ASSOCIATION OF S6 KINASE-II WITH THE MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-KINASE, ERK1, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 267, 17369 (1992).
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41935-7) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY / NERVE GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE IN PC12 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS - ASSOCIATION OF S6 KINASE-II WITH THE MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-KINASE, ERK1 by SCIMECA J.C. (1992) -
SEGAL R.A., Intracellular signaling pathways activated by neurotrophic factors, ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE 19, 463 (1996).
(
10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.002335) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE / Intracellular signaling pathways activated by neurotrophic factors by SEGAL R.A. (1996) -
SEGER R, PROTEIN KINASES .7. THE MAPK SIGNALING CASCADE, FASEB JOURNAL 9, 726 (1995).
(
10.1096/fasebj.9.9.7601337) / FASEB JOURNAL / PROTEIN KINASES .7. THE MAPK SIGNALING CASCADE by SEGER R (1995) -
SEGER R, OVEREXPRESSION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE KINASE (MAPKK) AND ITS MUTANTS IN NIH 3T3 CELLS - EVIDENCE THAT MAPKK INVOLVEMENT IN CELLULAR PROLIFERATION IS REGULATED BY PHOSPHORYLATION OF SERINE RESIDUES IN ITS KINASE SUBDOMAIN-VII AND SUBDOMAIN-VIII, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 269, 25699 (1994).
(
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47305-X) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY / OVEREXPRESSION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE KINASE (MAPKK) AND ITS MUTANTS IN NIH 3T3 CELLS - EVIDENCE THAT MAPKK INVOLVEMENT IN CELLULAR PROLIFERATION IS REGULATED BY PHOSPHORYLATION OF SERINE RESIDUES IN ITS KINASE SUBDOMAIN-VII AND SUBDOMAIN-VIII by SEGER R (1994) -
STURGILL T.W., INSULIN-STIMULATED MAP-2 KINASE PHOSPHORYLATES AND ACTIVATES RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN S6 KINASE-II, NATURE 334, 715 (1988).
(
10.1038/334715a0) / NATURE / INSULIN-STIMULATED MAP-2 KINASE PHOSPHORYLATES AND ACTIVATES RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN S6 KINASE-II by STURGILL T.W. (1988) -
SUN H, MKP-1 (3CH134), AN IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE-PRODUCT, IS A DUAL-SPECIFICITY PHOSPHATASE THAT DEPHOSPHORYLATES MAP KINASE IN-VIVO, CELL 75, 487 (1993).
(
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90383-2) / CELL / MKP-1 (3CH134), AN IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE-PRODUCT, IS A DUAL-SPECIFICITY PHOSPHATASE THAT DEPHOSPHORYLATES MAP KINASE IN-VIVO by SUN H (1993) -
SUTHERLAND C, IDENTIFICATION OF INSULIN-STIMULATED PROTEIN KINASE-1 AS THE RABBIT EQUIVALENT OF RSK(MO)-2 - IDENTIFICATION OF 2 THREONINES PHOSPHORYLATED DURING ACTIVATION BY MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 212, 581 (1993).
(
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17696.x) / EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY / IDENTIFICATION OF INSULIN-STIMULATED PROTEIN KINASE-1 AS THE RABBIT EQUIVALENT OF RSK(MO)-2 - IDENTIFICATION OF 2 THREONINES PHOSPHORYLATED DURING ACTIVATION BY MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE by SUTHERLAND C (1993) -
TREISMAN R, CURR OPIN GENE DEV 4, 96 (1994).
(
10.1016/0959-437X(94)90097-3) / CURR OPIN GENE DEV by TREISMAN R (1994) - XING J unpublished data.
-
ZHAO Y, RSK3 ENCODES A NOVEL PP90(RSK) ISOFORM WITH A UNIQUE N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE - GROWTH FACTOR-STIMULATED KINASE FUNCTION AND NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 15, 4353 (1995).
(
10.1128/MCB.15.8.4353) / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY / RSK3 ENCODES A NOVEL PP90(RSK) ISOFORM WITH A UNIQUE N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE - GROWTH FACTOR-STIMULATED KINASE FUNCTION AND NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION by ZHAO Y (1995)
Dates
| Type | When |
|---|---|
| Created | 18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 27, 2006, 2:30 p.m.) |
| Deposited | 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 11:19 p.m.) |
| Indexed | 1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 7, 2025, 1:26 a.m.) |
| Issued | 29 years ago (Aug. 16, 1996) |
| Published | 29 years ago (Aug. 16, 1996) |
| Published Print | 29 years ago (Aug. 16, 1996) |
@article{Xing_1996, title={Coupling of the RAS-MAPK Pathway to Gene Activation by RSK2, a Growth Factor-Regulated CREB Kinase}, volume={273}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5277.959}, DOI={10.1126/science.273.5277.959}, number={5277}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Xing, Jun and Ginty, David D. and Greenberg, Michael E.}, year={1996}, month=aug, pages={959–963} }