DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5241.1495. Solution Structure of the Activator Contact Domain of the RNA Polymerase α Subunit

Solution Structure of the Activator Contact Domain of the RNA Polymerase α Subunit

10.1126/science.270.5241.1495

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The structure of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase α subunit (αCTD), which is regarded as the contact site for transcription activator proteins and for the promoter UP element, was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its compact structure of four helices and two long arms enclosing its hydrophobic core shows a folding topology distinct from those of other DNA-binding proteins. The UP element binding site was found on the surface comprising helix 1, the amino-terminal end of helix 4, and the preceding loop. Mutation experiments indicated that the contact sites for transcription activator proteins are also on the same surface.

Bibliography

Jeon, Y. H., Negishi, T., Shirakawa, M., Yamazaki, T., Fujita, N., Ishihama, A., & Kyogoku, Y. (1995). Solution Structure of the Activator Contact Domain of the RNA Polymerase Î± Subunit. Science, 270(5241), 1495â1497.

Authors 7

Young Ho Jeon (first)
Tomofumi Negishi (additional)
Masahiro Shirakawa (additional)
Toshio Yamazaki (additional)
Nobuyuki Fujita (additional)
Akira Ishihama (additional)
Yoshimasa Kyogoku (additional)

References 29 Referenced 132

ASSAMUNT N, THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE OCT-1 POU-SPECIFIC DOMAIN REVEALS A STRIKING SIMILARITY TO THE BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA REPRESSOR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN, CELL 73, 193 (1993). (10.1016/0092-8674(93)90171-L) / CELL / THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE OCT-1 POU-SPECIFIC DOMAIN REVEALS A STRIKING SIMILARITY TO THE BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA REPRESSOR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN by ASSAMUNT N (1993)
BAX A, NMR PROTEINS 33, (1993). / NMR PROTEINS by BAX A (1993)
BLATTER E.E., DOMAIN ORGANIZATION OF RNA-POLYMERASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT - C-TERMINAL-85 AMINO-ACIDS CONSTITUTE A DOMAIN CAPABLE OF DIMERIZATION AND DNA-BINDING, CELL 78, 889 (1994). (10.1016/S0092-8674(94)90682-3) / CELL / DOMAIN ORGANIZATION OF RNA-POLYMERASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT - C-TERMINAL-85 AMINO-ACIDS CONSTITUTE A DOMAIN CAPABLE OF DIMERIZATION AND DNA-BINDING by BLATTER E.E. (1994)
10.1126/science.1853201
BRUNGER A.T., VERSION 3 1 (1992). / VERSION 3 1 by BRUNGER A.T. (1992)
BURGESS R.R., RNA POLYM 69, (1976). / RNA POLYM by BURGESS R.R. (1976)
BUSBY S, PROMOTER STRUCTURE, PROMOTER RECOGNITION, AND TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION IN PROKARYOTES, CELL 79, 743 (1994). (10.1016/0092-8674(94)90063-9) / CELL / PROMOTER STRUCTURE, PROMOTER RECOGNITION, AND TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION IN PROKARYOTES by BUSBY S (1994)
CARSON M, J APPL CRYSTALLOGR 24, 946 (1991). (10.1107/S0021889891007240) / J APPL CRYSTALLOGR by CARSON M (1991)
DEKKER N, SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE POU-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF OCT-1, NATURE 362, 852 (1993). (10.1038/362852a0) / NATURE / SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE POU-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF OCT-1 by DEKKER N (1993)
EBRIGHT R.H., CURR OPIN GENE DEV 5, 197 (1995). (10.1016/0959-437X(95)80008-5) / CURR OPIN GENE DEV by EBRIGHT R.H. (1995)
HARRISON S.C., DNA RECOGNITION BY PROTEINS WITH THE HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 59, 933 (1990). (10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.004441) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY / DNA RECOGNITION BY PROTEINS WITH THE HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF by HARRISON S.C. (1990)
HELLMAN J, ANNU REV BIOCHEM 57, 839 (1988). (10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.004203) / ANNU REV BIOCHEM by HELLMAN J (1988)
IGARASHI K, BIPARTITE FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT - INVOLVEMENT OF THE C-TERMINAL REGION IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY CAMP-CRP, CELL 65, 1015 (1991). (10.1016/0092-8674(91)90553-B) / CELL / BIPARTITE FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT - INVOLVEMENT OF THE C-TERMINAL REGION IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY CAMP-CRP by IGARASHI K (1991)
IGARASHI K, FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - 2 MODES OF TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY POSITIVE FACTORS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88, 8958 (1991). (10.1073/pnas.88.20.8958) / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - 2 MODES OF TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY POSITIVE FACTORS by IGARASHI K (1991)
ISHIHAMA A, PROTEIN-PROTEIN COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE TRANSCRIPTION APPARATUS, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 175, 2483 (1993). (10.1128/jb.175.9.2483-2489.1993) / JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY / PROTEIN-PROTEIN COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE TRANSCRIPTION APPARATUS by ISHIHAMA A (1993)
ISHIHAMA A, ROLE OF THE RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 6, 3283 (1992). (10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02196.x) / MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY / ROLE OF THE RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION by ISHIHAMA A (1992)
ISHIHAMA A, PROMOTER SELECTIVITY OF PROKARYOTIC RNA-POLYMERASES, TRENDS IN GENETICS 4, 282 (1988). (10.1016/0168-9525(88)90170-9) / TRENDS IN GENETICS / PROMOTER SELECTIVITY OF PROKARYOTIC RNA-POLYMERASES by ISHIHAMA A (1988)
KAY L.E., NEW METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF NH-C-ALPHA-H COUPLING-CONSTANTS IN N-15-LABELED PROTEINS, JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 86, 110 (1990). / JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE / NEW METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF NH-C-ALPHA-H COUPLING-CONSTANTS IN N-15-LABELED PROTEINS by KAY L.E. (1990)
10.1107/S0021889891004399
KYOGOKU Y, Induced structural changes in protein-DNA complexes, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND NUCLEIC ACIDS 261, 524 (1995). (10.1016/S0076-6879(95)61023-5) / NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND NUCLEIC ACIDS / Induced structural changes in protein-DNA complexes by KYOGOKU Y (1995)
MAJUMDAR A, SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN 2D AND 3D HCCH SPECTROSCOPY USING HETERONUCLEAR CROSS-POLARIZATION, JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 3, 387 (1993). (10.1007/BF00176006) / JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR / SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN 2D AND 3D HCCH SPECTROSCOPY USING HETERONUCLEAR CROSS-POLARIZATION by MAJUMDAR A (1993)
MATSUO Y, PROTEIN STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES PREDICTED BY A SEQUENCE STRUCTURE COMPATIBILITY METHOD, PROTEIN SCIENCE 3, 2055 (1994). (10.1002/pro.5560031118) / PROTEIN SCIENCE / PROTEIN STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES PREDICTED BY A SEQUENCE STRUCTURE COMPATIBILITY METHOD by MATSUO Y (1994)
MURAKAMI K unpublished data.
NEGISHI T, STRUCTURAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - STRUCTURAL DOMAINS IDENTIFIED BY PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 248, 723 (1995). (10.1006/jmbi.1995.0254) / JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY / STRUCTURAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - STRUCTURAL DOMAINS IDENTIFIED BY PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE by NEGISHI T (1995)
NILGES M, DETERMINATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS FROM INTERPROTON DISTANCE DATA BY HYBRID DISTANCE GEOMETRY-DYNAMICAL SIMULATED ANNEALING CALCULATIONS, FEBS LETTERS 229, 317 (1988). (10.1016/0014-5793(88)81148-7) / FEBS LETTERS / DETERMINATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS FROM INTERPROTON DISTANCE DATA BY HYBRID DISTANCE GEOMETRY-DYNAMICAL SIMULATED ANNEALING CALCULATIONS by NILGES M (1988)
10.1126/science.8248780
TANG H, LOCATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TARGET OF A TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 8, 3058 (1994). (10.1101/gad.8.24.3058) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT / LOCATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TARGET OF A TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN by TANG H (1994)
TAO K, IN PRESS J BACTERIOL . / IN PRESS J BACTERIOL by TAO K
ZOU C, MAPPING THE CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN CONTACT SITE ON THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 6, 2599 (1992). (10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01437.x) / MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY / MAPPING THE CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN CONTACT SITE ON THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE by ZOU C (1992)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 27, 2006, 2:19 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 4:35 p.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 11, 2025, 6:47 a.m.)
Issued	29 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1995)
Published	29 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1995)
Published Print	29 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1995)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Jeon_1995, title={Solution Structure of the Activator Contact Domain of the RNA Polymerase α Subunit}, volume={270}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5241.1495}, DOI={10.1126/science.270.5241.1495}, number={5241}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Jeon, Young Ho and Negishi, Tomofumi and Shirakawa, Masahiro and Yamazaki, Toshio and Fujita, Nobuyuki and Ishihama, Akira and Kyogoku, Yoshimasa}, year={1995}, month=dec, pages={1495–1497} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        11
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-11T10:47:35Z",
    "timestamp": 1752230855853
  },
  "reference-count": 29,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5241",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1995,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            The structure of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>\n            RNA polymerase \u03b1 subunit (\u03b1CTD), which is regarded as the contact site for transcription activator proteins and for the promoter UP element, was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its compact structure of four helices and two long arms enclosing its hydrophobic core shows a folding topology distinct from those of other DNA-binding proteins. The UP element binding site was found on the surface comprising helix 1, the amino-terminal end of helix 4, and the preceding loop. Mutation experiments indicated that the contact sites for transcription activator proteins are also on the same surface.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.270.5241.1495",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        27
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-27T18:19:42Z",
    "timestamp": 1161973182000
  },
  "page": "1495-1497",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 132,
  "title": "Solution Structure of the Activator Contact Domain of the RNA Polymerase \u03b1 Subunit",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "270",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Young Ho",
      "family": "Jeon",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Y. H. Jeon, T. Yamazaki, Y. Kyogoku, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Tomofumi",
      "family": "Negishi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "T. Negishi, N. Fujita, A. Ishihama, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Masahiro",
      "family": "Shirakawa",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "M. Shirakawa, Graduate School of Bioscience, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-01, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Toshio",
      "family": "Yamazaki",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Y. H. Jeon, T. Yamazaki, Y. Kyogoku, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Nobuyuki",
      "family": "Fujita",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "T. Negishi, N. Fujita, A. Ishihama, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Akira",
      "family": "Ishihama",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "T. Negishi, N. Fujita, A. Ishihama, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Yoshimasa",
      "family": "Kyogoku",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Y. H. Jeon, T. Yamazaki, Y. Kyogoku, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "193",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90171-L",
      "article-title": "THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE OCT-1 POU-SPECIFIC DOMAIN REVEALS A STRIKING SIMILARITY TO THE BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA REPRESSOR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "ASSAMUNT N",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "ASSAMUNT N, THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE OCT-1 POU-SPECIFIC DOMAIN REVEALS A STRIKING SIMILARITY TO THE BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA REPRESSOR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN, CELL 73, 193 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_2",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "BAX A",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "BAX A, NMR PROTEINS 33, (1993).",
      "journal-title": "NMR PROTEINS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "889",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(94)90682-3",
      "article-title": "DOMAIN ORGANIZATION OF RNA-POLYMERASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT - C-TERMINAL-85 AMINO-ACIDS CONSTITUTE A DOMAIN CAPABLE OF DIMERIZATION AND DNA-BINDING",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "BLATTER E.E.",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "BLATTER E.E., DOMAIN ORGANIZATION OF RNA-POLYMERASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT - C-TERMINAL-85 AMINO-ACIDS CONSTITUTE A DOMAIN CAPABLE OF DIMERIZATION AND DNA-BINDING, CELL 78, 889 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1853201"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_2",
      "author": "BRUNGER A.T.",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "BRUNGER A.T., VERSION 3 1 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "VERSION 3 1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_2",
      "volume": "69",
      "author": "BURGESS R.R.",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "BURGESS R.R., RNA POLYM 69, (1976).",
      "journal-title": "RNA POLYM"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "743",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(94)90063-9",
      "article-title": "PROMOTER STRUCTURE, PROMOTER RECOGNITION, AND TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION IN PROKARYOTES",
      "volume": "79",
      "author": "BUSBY S",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "BUSBY S, PROMOTER STRUCTURE, PROMOTER RECOGNITION, AND TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION IN PROKARYOTES, CELL 79, 743 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "946",
      "DOI": "10.1107/S0021889891007240",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "CARSON M",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "CARSON M, J APPL CRYSTALLOGR 24, 946 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "J APPL CRYSTALLOGR"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "852",
      "DOI": "10.1038/362852a0",
      "article-title": "SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE POU-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF OCT-1",
      "volume": "362",
      "author": "DEKKER N",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "DEKKER N, SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE POU-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF OCT-1, NATURE 362, 852 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "197",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0959-437X(95)80008-5",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "EBRIGHT R.H.",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "EBRIGHT R.H., CURR OPIN GENE DEV 5, 197 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "CURR OPIN GENE DEV"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "933",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.004441",
      "article-title": "DNA RECOGNITION BY PROTEINS WITH THE HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF",
      "volume": "59",
      "author": "HARRISON S.C.",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "HARRISON S.C., DNA RECOGNITION BY PROTEINS WITH THE HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 59, 933 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "839",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.004203",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "HELLMAN J",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "HELLMAN J, ANNU REV BIOCHEM 57, 839 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "ANNU REV BIOCHEM"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1015",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(91)90553-B",
      "article-title": "BIPARTITE FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT - INVOLVEMENT OF THE C-TERMINAL REGION IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY CAMP-CRP",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "IGARASHI K",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "IGARASHI K, BIPARTITE FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT - INVOLVEMENT OF THE C-TERMINAL REGION IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY CAMP-CRP, CELL 65, 1015 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8958",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.88.20.8958",
      "article-title": "FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - 2 MODES OF TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY POSITIVE FACTORS",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "IGARASHI K",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "IGARASHI K, FUNCTIONAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - 2 MODES OF TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY POSITIVE FACTORS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88, 8958 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2483",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.175.9.2483-2489.1993",
      "article-title": "PROTEIN-PROTEIN COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE TRANSCRIPTION APPARATUS",
      "volume": "175",
      "author": "ISHIHAMA A",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "ISHIHAMA A, PROTEIN-PROTEIN COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE TRANSCRIPTION APPARATUS, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 175, 2483 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3283",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02196.x",
      "article-title": "ROLE OF THE RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "ISHIHAMA A",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "ISHIHAMA A, ROLE OF THE RNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA SUBUNIT IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 6, 3283 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "282",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-9525(88)90170-9",
      "article-title": "PROMOTER SELECTIVITY OF PROKARYOTIC RNA-POLYMERASES",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "ISHIHAMA A",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "ISHIHAMA A, PROMOTER SELECTIVITY OF PROKARYOTIC RNA-POLYMERASES, TRENDS IN GENETICS 4, 282 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "TRENDS IN GENETICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_2",
      "first-page": "110",
      "article-title": "NEW METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF NH-C-ALPHA-H COUPLING-CONSTANTS IN N-15-LABELED PROTEINS",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "KAY L.E.",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "KAY L.E., NEW METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF NH-C-ALPHA-H COUPLING-CONSTANTS IN N-15-LABELED PROTEINS, JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 86, 110 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1107/S0021889891004399"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "524",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0076-6879(95)61023-5",
      "article-title": "Induced structural changes in protein-DNA complexes",
      "volume": "261",
      "author": "KYOGOKU Y",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "KYOGOKU Y, Induced structural changes in protein-DNA complexes, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND NUCLEIC ACIDS 261, 524 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND NUCLEIC ACIDS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "387",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00176006",
      "article-title": "SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN 2D AND 3D HCCH SPECTROSCOPY USING HETERONUCLEAR CROSS-POLARIZATION",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "MAJUMDAR A",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "MAJUMDAR A, SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN 2D AND 3D HCCH SPECTROSCOPY USING HETERONUCLEAR CROSS-POLARIZATION, JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 3, 387 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2055",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pro.5560031118",
      "article-title": "PROTEIN STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES PREDICTED BY A SEQUENCE STRUCTURE COMPATIBILITY METHOD",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "MATSUO Y",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "MATSUO Y, PROTEIN STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES PREDICTED BY A SEQUENCE STRUCTURE COMPATIBILITY METHOD, PROTEIN SCIENCE 3, 2055 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "PROTEIN SCIENCE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_2",
      "unstructured": "MURAKAMI K unpublished data."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "723",
      "DOI": "10.1006/jmbi.1995.0254",
      "article-title": "STRUCTURAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - STRUCTURAL DOMAINS IDENTIFIED BY PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE",
      "volume": "248",
      "author": "NEGISHI T",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "NEGISHI T, STRUCTURAL MAP OF THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE - STRUCTURAL DOMAINS IDENTIFIED BY PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 248, 723 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "317",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-5793(88)81148-7",
      "article-title": "DETERMINATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS FROM INTERPROTON DISTANCE DATA BY HYBRID DISTANCE GEOMETRY-DYNAMICAL SIMULATED ANNEALING CALCULATIONS",
      "volume": "229",
      "author": "NILGES M",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "NILGES M, DETERMINATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS FROM INTERPROTON DISTANCE DATA BY HYBRID DISTANCE GEOMETRY-DYNAMICAL SIMULATED ANNEALING CALCULATIONS, FEBS LETTERS 229, 317 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "FEBS LETTERS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8248780"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3058",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.8.24.3058",
      "article-title": "LOCATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TARGET OF A TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "TANG H",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "TANG H, LOCATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TARGET OF A TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 8, 3058 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_2",
      "author": "TAO K",
      "unstructured": "TAO K, IN PRESS J BACTERIOL .",
      "journal-title": "IN PRESS J BACTERIOL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2599",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01437.x",
      "article-title": "MAPPING THE CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN CONTACT SITE ON THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "ZOU C",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "ZOU C, MAPPING THE CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN CONTACT SITE ON THE ALPHA-SUBUNIT OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 6, 2599 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.270.5241.1495",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-12T21:35:29Z",
    "timestamp": 1705095329000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.270.5241.1495"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1995,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 29,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5241",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1995,
          12
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.270.5241.1495"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5241.1495",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1995,
        12
      ]
    ]
  }
}