DOI: 10.1126/science.267.5204.1632. Granular Convection Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Granular Convection Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

10.1126/science.267.5204.1632

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Vibrations in a granular material can spontaneously produce convection rolls reminiscent of those seen in fluids. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a sensitive and noninvasive probe for the detection of these convection currents, which have otherwise been difficult to observe. A magnetic resonance imaging study of convection in a column of poppy seeds yielded data about the detailed shape of the convection rolls and the depth dependence of the convection velocity. The velocity was found to decrease exponentially with depth; a simple model for this behavior is presented here.

Bibliography

Ehrichs, E. E., Jaeger, H. M., Karczmar, G. S., Knight, J. B., Kuperman, V. Yu., & Nagel, S. R. (1995). Granular Convection Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Science, 267(5204), 1632â1634.

Authors 6

E. E. Ehrichs (first)
H. M. Jaeger (additional)
Greg S. Karczmar (additional)
James B. Knight (additional)
Vadim Yu. Kuperman (additional)
Sidney R. Nagel (additional)

References 30 Referenced 232

ALTOBELLI, S.A., VELOCITY AND CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS OF SUSPENSIONS BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGING, JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY 35: 721 (1991). (10.1122/1.550156) / JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY (1991)
AXEL, L, MR IMAGING OF MOTION WITH SPATIAL MODULATION OF MAGNETIZATION, RADIOLOGY 171: 841 (1989). (10.1148/radiology.171.3.2717762) / RADIOLOGY (1989)
BARKER, G.C., TRANSIENT PHENOMENA, SELF-DIFFUSION, AND ORIENTATIONAL EFFECTS IN VIBRATED POWDERS, PHYSICAL REVIEW E 47: 184 (1993). (10.1103/PhysRevE.47.184) / PHYSICAL REVIEW E (1993)
BAXTER, G.W., PATTERN-FORMATION IN FLOWING SAND, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 62: 2825 (1989). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2825) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1989)
CAMPBELL, C.S., RAPID GRANULAR FLOWS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS 22: 57 (1990). (10.1146/annurev.fl.22.010190.000421) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS (1990)
CLEMENT, E, EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF HEAPING IN A 2-DIMENSIONAL SANDPILE, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 69: 1189 (1992). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1189) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1992)
DRAKE, T.G., STRUCTURAL FEATURES IN GRANULAR FLOWS, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 95: 8681 (1990). (10.1029/JB095iB06p08681) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1990)
EHRICHS E.E. unpublished data.
ENNIS, B. J., CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS 90: 32 (1994). / CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS (1994)
EVESQUE, P, INSTABILITY IN A SAND HEAP, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 62: 44 (1989). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.44) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1989)
Faraday, M., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 52: 299 (1831). / Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1831)
GALLAS, JAC, CONVECTION CELLS IN VIBRATING GRANULAR MEDIA, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 69: 1371 (1992). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1371) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1992)
Haff, P. K., Granular Matter: 141 (1993). / Granular Matter (1993)
HARWOOD, C.F., POWDER SEGREGATION DUE TO VIBRATION, POWDER TECHNOLOGY 16: 51 (1977). (10.1016/0032-5910(77)85020-1) / POWDER TECHNOLOGY (1977)
HILLKM, PHYS REV E 49: R3610 (1994). (10.1103/PhysRevE.49.R3610) / PHYS REV E (1994)
10.1126/science.255.5051.1523
JULLIEN, R, 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR PARTICLE-SIZE SEGREGATION BY SHAKING, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 69: 640 (1992). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.640) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1992)
Knight, J. B., Physical Review E> 51: 3957 (1995). / Physical Review E (1995)
KNIGHT, J.B., VIBRATION-INDUCED SIZE SEPARATION IN GRANULAR MEDIA - THE CONVECTION CONNECTION, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 70: 3728 (1993). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3728) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1993)
KUMAR, A, NMR FOURIER ZEUGMATOGRAPHY, JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 18: 69 (1975). / JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (1975)
LAROCHE, C, CONVECTIVE FLOW OF GRANULAR MASSES UNDER VERTICAL VIBRATIONS, JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE 50: 699 (1989). (10.1051/jphys:01989005007069900) / JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE (1989)
NAGEL, S.R., INSTABILITIES IN A SANDPILE, REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS 64: 321 (1992). (10.1103/RevModPhys.64.321) / REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS (1992)
NAKAGAWA, M, NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENTS OF GRANULAR FLOWS BY MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING, EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS 16: 54 (1993). (10.1007/BF00188507) / EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS (1993)
PAK, H.K., SURFACE-WAVES IN VERTICALLY VIBRATED GRANULAR-MATERIALS, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 71: 1832 (1993). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1832) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1993)
RADKAL, G, POWDER TECHNOL 15: 187 (1976). (10.1016/0032-5910(76)80047-2) / POWDER TECHNOL (1976)
ROSATO, A, WHY THE BRAZIL NUTS ARE ON TOP - SIZE SEGREGATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER BY SHAKING, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 58: 1038 (1987). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.1038) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1987)
SAVAGE, S.B., GRAVITY FLOW OF COHESIONLESS GRANULAR-MATERIALS IN CHUTES AND CHANNELS, JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 92: 53 (1979). (10.1017/S0022112079000525) / JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS (1979)
TAGUCHI, Y.H., NEW ORIGIN OF A CONVECTIVE MOTION - ELASTICALLY INDUCED CONVECTION IN GRANULAR-MATERIALS, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 69: 1367 (1992). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1367) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1992)
TAKAHASHI, H, POWDER TECHNOL 2: 65 (1968). (10.1016/0032-5910(68)80039-7) / POWDER TECHNOL (1968)
ZIK, O, ROTATIONALLY INDUCED SEGREGATION OF GRANULAR-MATERIALS, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 73: 644 (1994). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.644) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1994)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 9 months ago (Oct. 27, 2006, 2:19 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 6:03 p.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks, 5 days ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 9:35 a.m.)
Issued	30 years, 5 months ago (March 17, 1995)
Published	30 years, 5 months ago (March 17, 1995)
Published Print	30 years, 5 months ago (March 17, 1995)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Ehrichs_1995, title={Granular Convection Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, volume={267}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5204.1632}, DOI={10.1126/science.267.5204.1632}, number={5204}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Ehrichs, E. E. and Jaeger, H. M. and Karczmar, Greg S. and Knight, James B. and Kuperman, Vadim Yu. and Nagel, Sidney R.}, year={1995}, month=mar, pages={1632–1634} }

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      [
        1995,
        3,
        17
      ]
    ]
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  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5204",
    "published-print": {
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        [
          1995,
          3,
          17
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.267.5204.1632"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5204.1632",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1995,
        3,
        17
      ]
    ]
  }
}