DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5158.553. Quantum Cascade Laser

10.1126/science.264.5158.553

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

A semiconductor injection laser that differs in a fundamental way from diode lasers has been demonstrated. It is built out of quantum semiconductor structures that were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and designed by band structure engineering. Electrons streaming down a potential staircase sequentially emit photons at the steps. The steps consist of coupled quantum wells in which population inversion between discrete conduction band excited states is achieved by control of tunneling. A strong narrowing of the emission spectrum, above threshold, provides direct evidence of laser action at a wavelength of 4.2 micrometers with peak powers in excess of 8 milliwatts in pulsed operation. In quantum cascade lasers, the wavelength, entirely determined by quantum confinement, can be tailored from the mid-infrared to the submillimeter wave region in the same heterostructure material.

Bibliography

Faist, J., Capasso, F., Sivco, D. L., Sirtori, C., Hutchinson, A. L., & Cho, A. Y. (1994). Quantum Cascade Laser. Science, 264(5158), 553â556.

Authors 6

Jerome Faist (first)
Federico Capasso (additional)
Deborah L. Sivco (additional)
Carlo Sirtori (additional)
Albert L. Hutchinson (additional)
Alfred Y. Cho (additional)

References 29 Referenced 4,242

Agrawal G. P. Long-Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers (1986). (10.1007/978-94-011-6994-3)
ALFEROV, Z. I., SOVIET PHYSICS SEMICONDUCTORS 3: 1107 (1970). / SOVIET PHYSICS SEMICONDUCTORS (1970)
ANDRONOV, A. A., SOVIET PHYSICS SEMICONDUCTORS-USSR 21: 701 (1987). / SOVIET PHYSICS SEMICONDUCTORS-USSR (1987)
BORENSTAIN, S.I., EVALUATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF A FAR-INFRARED LASER BASED ON INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS IN GAAS QUANTUM WELLS, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 55: 654 (1989). (10.1063/1.101812) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1989)
CAPASSO, F, PSEUDO-QUATERNARY GAINASP SEMICONDUCTORS - A NEW GA0.47IN0.53AS/INP GRADED GAP SUPERLATTICE AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 45: 1193 (1984). (10.1063/1.95094) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1984)
CAPASSO, F, RESONANT TUNNELING THROUGH DOUBLE BARRIERS, PERPENDICULAR QUANTUM TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN SUPERLATTICES, AND THEIR DEVICE APPLICATIONS, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 22: 1853 (1986). (10.1109/JQE.1986.1073171) / IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS (1986)
CAPASSO, F, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 30: 381 (1983). (10.1109/T-ED.1983.21132) / IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES (1983)
10.1126/science.235.4785.172
CHO, A. Y., JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH 111: 1 (1991). (10.1016/0022-0248(91)90938-2) / JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH (1991)
ESAKI, L, SUPERLATTICE AND NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY IN SEMICONDUCTORS, IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 14: 61 (1970). (10.1147/rd.141.0061) / IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (1970)
FAIST, J, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 64: 872 (1994). (10.1063/1.110980) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1994)
FAIST, J, MIDINFRARED FIELD-TUNABLE INTERSUBBAND ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AT ROOM-TEMPERATURE BY PHOTON-ASSISTED TUNNELING IN COUPLED-QUANTUM WELLS, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 64: 1144 (1994). (10.1063/1.110833) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1994)
FAIST J unpublished data.
HALL, R.N., COHERENT LIGHT EMISSION FROM GAAS JUNCTIONS, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 9: 366 (1962). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.366) / PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (1962)
HAYASHI, I, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 17: 109 (1970). (10.1063/1.1653326) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1970)
HENRY, C.H., THEORY OF THE PHASE NOISE AND POWER SPECTRUM OF A SINGLE-MODE INJECTION-LASER, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 19: 1391 (1983). (10.1109/JQE.1983.1072058) / IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS (1983)
HOLONYAK, N, COHERENT (VISIBLE) LIGHT EMISSION FROM GA(AS1-XPX) JUNCTIONS, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 1: 82 (1962). (10.1063/1.1753706) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1962)
KASTALSKY, A, POSSIBILITY OF INFRARED-LASER IN A RESONANT TUNNELING STRUCTURE, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 59: 2636 (1991). (10.1063/1.105922) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1991)
KAZARINOV, R. F., SOVIET PHYSICS SEMICONDUCTORS 5: 207 (1971). / SOVIET PHYSICS SEMICONDUCTORS (1971)
KRESSEL, H, RCA REVIEW 30: 106 (1969). / RCA REVIEW (1969)
KROEMER, H, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 51: 1782 (1963). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE (1963)
Lax, B., Proceedings of the Intemational Symposium on Quantum Electronics: 428 (1960). / Proceedings of the Intemational Symposium on Quantum Electronics (1960)
LOHR, J.P., APPL PHYS LETT 59: 2070 (1991). (10.1063/1.106133) / APPL PHYS LETT (1991)
NATHAN, M. I., APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 1: 62 (1962). (10.1063/1.1777371) / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1962)
NELSON, D.F., BAND NONPARABOLICITY EFFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 35: 7770 (1987). (10.1103/PhysRevB.35.7770) / PHYSICAL REVIEW B (1987)
PRICE, P.J., TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-TRANSPORT IN SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS .1. PHONON-SCATTERING, ANNALS OF PHYSICS 133: 217 (1981). (10.1016/0003-4916(81)90250-5) / ANNALS OF PHYSICS (1981)
QUIST, T.M., SEMICONDUCTOR MASER OF GAAS, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 1: 91 (1962). / APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (1962)
SCHAWLOW, A.L., INFRARED AND OPTICAL MASERS, PHYSICAL REVIEW 112: 1940 (1958). (10.1103/PhysRev.112.1940) / PHYSICAL REVIEW (1958)
Yariv, A., Quantum Electronics: CH10 (1988). / Quantum Electronics (1988)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 8:01 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 6:15 p.m.)
Indexed	3 days, 5 hours ago (Aug. 20, 2025, 9:04 a.m.)
Issued	31 years, 4 months ago (April 22, 1994)
Published	31 years, 4 months ago (April 22, 1994)
Published Print	31 years, 4 months ago (April 22, 1994)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Faist_1994, title={Quantum Cascade Laser}, volume={264}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5158.553}, DOI={10.1126/science.264.5158.553}, number={5158}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Faist, Jerome and Capasso, Federico and Sivco, Deborah L. and Sirtori, Carlo and Hutchinson, Albert L. and Cho, Alfred Y.}, year={1994}, month=apr, pages={553–556} }

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