DOI: 10.1126/science.253.5026.1397. The Temperature of Cavitation

10.1126/science.253.5026.1397

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Ultrasonic irradiation of liquids causes acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles. Bubble collapse during cavitation generates transient hot spots responsible for high-energy chemistry and emission of light. Determination of the temperatures reached in a cavitating bubble has remained a difficult experimental problem. As a spectroscopic probe of the cavitation event, sonoluminescence provides a solution. Sonoluminescence spectra from silicone oil were reported and analyzed. The observed emission came from excited state C 2 (Swan band transitions, d 3 II g — a 3 II u ), which has been modeled with synthetic spectra as a function of rotational and vibrational temperatures. From comparison of synthetic to observed spectra, the effective cavitation temperature was found to be 5075 ± 156 K.

Bibliography

Flint, E. B., & Suslick, K. S. (1991). The Temperature of Cavitation. Science, 253(5026), 1397â1399.

Authors 2

Edward B. Flint (first)
Kenneth S. Suslick (additional)

References 46 Referenced 1,028

Apfel, R. E., Ultrasonics: Methods in Experimental Physics 19: 356 (1981). / Ultrasonics: Methods in Experimental Physics (1981)
BARBER, B.P., OBSERVATION OF SYNCHRONOUS PICOSECOND SONOLUMINESCENCE, NATURE 352: 318 (1991). (10.1038/352318a0) / NATURE (1991)
CRUM, L.A., SONOLUMINESCENCE PRODUCED BY STABLE CAVITATION, JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 78: 137 (1985). (10.1121/1.392577) / JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (1985)
EINHORN, C, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 11: 787 (1989). / SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART (1989)
FLINT, E.B., SONOLUMINESCENCE FROM NONAQUEOUS LIQUIDS - EMISSION FROM SMALL MOLECULES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 111: 6987 (1989). (10.1021/ja00200a014) / JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (1989)
FLINT, E.B., JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 95: 1484 (1991). (10.1021/j100156a084) / JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (1991)
FUJIKAWA, S, EFFECTS OF THE NONEQUILIBRIUM CONDENSATION OF VAPOR ON THE PRESSURE WAVE PRODUCED BY THE COLLAPSE OF A BUBBLE IN A LIQUID, JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 97: 481 (1980). (10.1017/S0022112080002662) / JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS (1980)
Gaitan, D. F., Frontiers of Nonlinear Acoustics: 12th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics: 459 (1990). / Frontiers of Nonlinear Acoustics: 12th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (1990)
GORBAL, M.R., ROTATIONAL STRUCTURE OF CN EMISSION FROM ACTIVE NITROGEN FLAMES, JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER 26: 457 (1981). (10.1016/0022-4073(81)90108-4) / JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER (1981)
HENGLEIN, A, SONOCHEMISTRY - HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND MODERN ASPECTS, ULTRASONICS 25: 6 (1987). (10.1016/0041-624X(87)90003-5) / ULTRASONICS (1987)
Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Spectra: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules 1 (1950).
Huber K. P. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Spectra: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules 4 (1979). (10.1007/978-1-4757-0961-2)
Kovarik C Information about Silicone Fluids and Vapor Pressure Data of Dow Corning 200 Fluids (s.d.).
KRUUS, P, ULTRASONIC INITIATION OF POLYMERIZATION, ULTRASONICS 28: 304 (1990). (10.1016/0041-624X(90)90036-N) / ULTRASONICS (1990)
10.1039/CS9871600239
10.1039/CS9871600275
MARGULIS, M.A., ADVANCES IN SONOCHEMISTRY 1: 39 (1990). / ADVANCES IN SONOCHEMISTRY (1990)
10.1016/0041-624X(85)90024-1
MARGULIS, M.A., STUDYING THE DYNAMICS OF A CAVITATION BUBBLE COLLAPSE .2. RESULTS OF QUANTITATIVE INTEGRATION OF EQUATIONS FOR DYNAMICS OF A BUBBLE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE HEAT-EXCHANGE, ZHURNAL FIZICHESKOI KHIMII 56: 323 (1982). / ZHURNAL FIZICHESKOI KHIMII (1982)
Marr G. Plasma Spectroscopy (1968).
Matsumoto, Y., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Forum: 29 (1990). / Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Forum (1990)
McCallum J. C. York University Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science Spectroscopic Report 1 (1970).
NEPPIRAS, E.A., ACOUSTIC CAVITATION, PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS 61: 159 (1980). / PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS (1980)
NIGMATULIN, R.I., DYNAMICS, HEAT AND MASS-TRANSFER OF VAPOR-GAS BUBBLES IN A LIQUID, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 24: 1033 (1981). (10.1016/0017-9310(81)90134-4) / INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (1981)
PROSPERETTI, A, NONLINEAR BUBBLE DYNAMICS, JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 83: 502 (1988). (10.1121/1.396145) / JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (1988)
PROSPERETTI, A, BUBBLE DYNAMICS IN A COMPRESSIBLE LIQUID .1. 1ST-ORDER THEORY, JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 168: 457 (1986). (10.1017/S0022112086000460) / JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS (1986)
RAYLEIGH PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 6 34 : 94 (1917). (10.1080/14786440808635681)
10.1289/ehp.8564233
SCHADEE, A, BULLETIN OF THE ASTRONOMICAL INSTITUTES OF THE NETHERLANDS 17: 311 (1964). / BULLETIN OF THE ASTRONOMICAL INSTITUTES OF THE NETHERLANDS (1964)
SMIT-MIESSEN, M.M., Intensity profiles of non-resolved CN bands, PHYSICA 9: 193 (1942). (10.1016/S0031-8914(42)90068-5) / PHYSICA (1942)
SMIT-MIESSEN, M.M., PHYSICA AMSTERDAM 9: 442 (1942). / PHYSICA AMSTERDAM (1942)
SPIER, J.L., PHYSICA 9: 587 (1942). / PHYSICA (1942)
STARK, G, THE OSCILLATOR STRENGTH OF THE C2 SWAN BANDS, ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI 321: 75 (1985). / ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI (1985)
SUSLICK, K.S., THE SITE OF SONOCHEMICAL REACTIONS, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 33: 143 (1986). (10.1109/T-UFFC.1986.26806) / IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL (1986)
10.1021/ja00278a055
10.1021/j100236a013
10.1007/978-3-642-82805-8_1
10.1038/330553a0
SUSLICK, K.S., THE CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 260: 80 (1989). / SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN (1989)
10.1126/science.247.4949.1439
10.1016/0041-624X(84)90059-3
SUSLICK, K.S., ON THE ORIGIN OF SONOLUMINESCENCE AND SONOCHEMISTRY, ULTRASONICS 28: 280 (1990). (10.1016/0041-624X(90)90033-K) / ULTRASONICS (1990)
Suslick K. S. Ultrasound: Its Chemical Physical and Biological Effects (1988).
SUSLICK, K.S., 1985 IEEE ULTRASONIC SYMPOSIUM: 1116 (1985). / 1985 IEEE ULTRASONIC SYMPOSIUM (1985)
Verrall, R. E., Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical, and Biological Effects: 227 (1988). / Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical, and Biological Effects (1988)
WALTON, A.J., SONOLUMINESCENCE, ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 33: 595 (1984). (10.1080/00018738400101711) / ADVANCES IN PHYSICS (1984)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 6:10 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 11:47 a.m.)
Indexed	14 hours, 19 minutes ago (Aug. 31, 2025, 7:25 p.m.)
Issued	33 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 20, 1991)
Published	33 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 20, 1991)
Published Print	33 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 20, 1991)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Flint_1991, title={The Temperature of Cavitation}, volume={253}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5026.1397}, DOI={10.1126/science.253.5026.1397}, number={5026}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Flint, Edward B. and Suslick, Kenneth S.}, year={1991}, month=sep, pages={1397–1399} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        31
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-31T23:25:02Z",
    "timestamp": 1756682702596
  },
  "reference-count": 46,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5026",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1991,
        9,
        20
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            Ultrasonic irradiation of liquids causes acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles. Bubble collapse during cavitation generates transient hot spots responsible for high-energy chemistry and emission of light. Determination of the temperatures reached in a cavitating bubble has remained a difficult experimental problem. As a spectroscopic probe of the cavitation event, sonoluminescence provides a solution. Sonoluminescence spectra from silicone oil were reported and analyzed. The observed emission came from excited state C\n            <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>\n            (Swan band transitions,\n            <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>\n            II\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>g</jats:italic>\n            </jats:sub>\n            \u2014\n            <jats:italic>a</jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>\n            II\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>u</jats:italic>\n            </jats:sub>\n            ), which has been modeled with synthetic spectra as a function of rotational and vibrational temperatures. From comparison of synthetic to observed spectra, the effective cavitation temperature was found to be 5075 \u00b1 156 K.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.253.5026.1397",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T22:10:16Z",
    "timestamp": 1160086216000
  },
  "page": "1397-1399",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 1028,
  "title": "The Temperature of Cavitation",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "253",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Edward B.",
      "family": "Flint",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Kenneth S.",
      "family": "Suslick",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "first-page": "356",
      "volume": "19",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Apfel, R. E., Ultrasonics: Methods in Experimental Physics 19: 356 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Ultrasonics: Methods in Experimental Physics"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "318",
      "DOI": "10.1038/352318a0",
      "volume": "352",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "BARBER, B.P., OBSERVATION OF SYNCHRONOUS PICOSECOND SONOLUMINESCENCE, NATURE 352: 318 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "137",
      "DOI": "10.1121/1.392577",
      "volume": "78",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "CRUM, L.A., SONOLUMINESCENCE PRODUCED BY STABLE CAVITATION, JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 78: 137 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "first-page": "787",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "EINHORN, C, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 11: 787 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6987",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00200a014",
      "volume": "111",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "FLINT, E.B., SONOLUMINESCENCE FROM NONAQUEOUS LIQUIDS - EMISSION FROM SMALL MOLECULES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 111: 6987 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1484",
      "DOI": "10.1021/j100156a084",
      "volume": "95",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "FLINT, E.B., JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 95: 1484 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "481",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0022112080002662",
      "volume": "97",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "FUJIKAWA, S, EFFECTS OF THE NONEQUILIBRIUM CONDENSATION OF VAPOR ON THE PRESSURE WAVE PRODUCED BY THE COLLAPSE OF A BUBBLE IN A LIQUID, JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 97: 481 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "first-page": "459",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Gaitan, D. F., Frontiers of Nonlinear Acoustics: 12th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics: 459 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "Frontiers of Nonlinear Acoustics: 12th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "457",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-4073(81)90108-4",
      "volume": "26",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "GORBAL, M.R., ROTATIONAL STRUCTURE OF CN EMISSION FROM ACTIVE NITROGEN FLAMES, JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER 26: 457 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0041-624X(87)90003-5",
      "volume": "25",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "HENGLEIN, A, SONOCHEMISTRY - HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND MODERN ASPECTS, ULTRASONICS 25: 6 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "ULTRASONICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "unstructured": "Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Spectra: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules 1 (1950)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Huber K. P. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Spectra: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules 4 (1979).",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4757-0961-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "unstructured": "Kovarik C Information about Silicone Fluids and Vapor Pressure Data of Dow Corning 200 Fluids (s.d.)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "304",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0041-624X(90)90036-N",
      "volume": "28",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "KRUUS, P, ULTRASONIC INITIATION OF POLYMERIZATION, ULTRASONICS 28: 304 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "ULTRASONICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/CS9871600239"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/CS9871600275"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "first-page": "39",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "MARGULIS, M.A., ADVANCES IN SONOCHEMISTRY 1: 39 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "ADVANCES IN SONOCHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0041-624X(85)90024-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "first-page": "323",
      "volume": "56",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "MARGULIS, M.A., STUDYING THE DYNAMICS OF A CAVITATION BUBBLE COLLAPSE .2. RESULTS OF QUANTITATIVE INTEGRATION OF EQUATIONS FOR DYNAMICS OF A BUBBLE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE HEAT-EXCHANGE, ZHURNAL FIZICHESKOI KHIMII 56: 323 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "ZHURNAL FIZICHESKOI KHIMII"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "unstructured": "Marr G. Plasma Spectroscopy (1968)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "first-page": "29",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Matsumoto, Y., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Forum: 29 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Forum"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "unstructured": "McCallum J. C. York University Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science Spectroscopic Report 1 (1970)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "first-page": "159",
      "volume": "61",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "NEPPIRAS, E.A., ACOUSTIC CAVITATION, PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS 61: 159 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1033",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0017-9310(81)90134-4",
      "volume": "24",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "NIGMATULIN, R.I., DYNAMICS, HEAT AND MASS-TRANSFER OF VAPOR-GAS BUBBLES IN A LIQUID, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 24: 1033 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "502",
      "DOI": "10.1121/1.396145",
      "volume": "83",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "PROSPERETTI, A, NONLINEAR BUBBLE DYNAMICS, JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 83: 502 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "457",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0022112086000460",
      "volume": "168",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "PROSPERETTI, A, BUBBLE DYNAMICS IN A COMPRESSIBLE LIQUID .1. 1ST-ORDER THEORY, JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 168: 457 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "RAYLEIGH PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 6 34 : 94 (1917).",
      "DOI": "10.1080/14786440808635681"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1289/ehp.8564233"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "first-page": "311",
      "volume": "17",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "SCHADEE, A, BULLETIN OF THE ASTRONOMICAL INSTITUTES OF THE NETHERLANDS 17: 311 (1964).",
      "journal-title": "BULLETIN OF THE ASTRONOMICAL INSTITUTES OF THE NETHERLANDS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "193",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0031-8914(42)90068-5",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1942",
      "unstructured": "SMIT-MIESSEN, M.M., Intensity profiles of non-resolved CN bands, PHYSICA 9: 193 (1942).",
      "journal-title": "PHYSICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "first-page": "442",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1942",
      "unstructured": "SMIT-MIESSEN, M.M., PHYSICA AMSTERDAM 9: 442 (1942).",
      "journal-title": "PHYSICA AMSTERDAM"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "first-page": "587",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1942",
      "unstructured": "SPIER, J.L., PHYSICA 9: 587 (1942).",
      "journal-title": "PHYSICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "first-page": "75",
      "volume": "321",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "STARK, G, THE OSCILLATOR STRENGTH OF THE C2 SWAN BANDS, ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI 321: 75 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "143",
      "DOI": "10.1109/T-UFFC.1986.26806",
      "volume": "33",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "SUSLICK, K.S., THE SITE OF SONOCHEMICAL REACTIONS, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 33: 143 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00278a055"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/j100236a013"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-642-82805-8_1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/330553a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "first-page": "80",
      "volume": "260",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "SUSLICK, K.S., THE CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 260: 80 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.247.4949.1439"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_41_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0041-624X(84)90059-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_42_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "280",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0041-624X(90)90033-K",
      "volume": "28",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "SUSLICK, K.S., ON THE ORIGIN OF SONOLUMINESCENCE AND SONOCHEMISTRY, ULTRASONICS 28: 280 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "ULTRASONICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_43_1",
      "unstructured": "Suslick K. S. Ultrasound: Its Chemical Physical and Biological Effects (1988)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_44_1",
      "first-page": "1116",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "SUSLICK, K.S., 1985 IEEE ULTRASONIC SYMPOSIUM: 1116 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "1985 IEEE ULTRASONIC SYMPOSIUM"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_45_1",
      "first-page": "227",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Verrall, R. E., Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical, and Biological Effects: 227 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical, and Biological Effects"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_46_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "595",
      "DOI": "10.1080/00018738400101711",
      "volume": "33",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "WALTON, A.J., SONOLUMINESCENCE, ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 33: 595 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "ADVANCES IN PHYSICS"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.253.5026.1397",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-12T16:47:24Z",
    "timestamp": 1705078044000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.253.5026.1397"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1991,
        9,
        20
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 46,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5026",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1991,
          9,
          20
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.253.5026.1397"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5026.1397",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1991,
        9,
        20
      ]
    ]
  }
}