DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4982.794. Pressure Dependence of Elastic Wave Velocity for β-Mg <sub>2</sub> SiO <sub>4</sub> and the Composition of the Earth's Mantle

Pressure Dependence of Elastic Wave Velocity for β-Mg 2 SiO 4 and the Composition of the Earth's Mantle

10.1126/science.250.4982.794

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The pressure dependence of the elastic wave velocities for hot-pressed, elastically isotropic polycrystals of the β (modified spinel) phase of magnesium orthosilicate (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) has been determined at room temperature to 3 gigapascals (GPa) by ultrasonic pulse interferometry. Pressure derivatives of the bulk ( dK/dP = 4.8) and shear ( dG/dP = 1.7) moduli derived from the travel times of the compressional (P) and shear (S) waves clearly demonstrate that the velocity contrast between the olivine and β phases of Mg 2 SiO 4 decreases with increasing pressure. When combined with plausible values for the (as yet unmeasured) temperature derivatives, these new data can be used to calculate the contrast in P and S wave velocities across an olivine-β phase transformation occurring at pressure-temperature conditions corresponding to about 400 kilometers depth in the earth. The seismologically observed contrasts Δ V in both P and S wave velocities constrain the percentage of orthosilicate in a model mantle of uniform chemical composition for appropriate relative magnitudes of the temperature ( T ) derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli for the β phase. Allowed combinations of orthosilicate content (percent), dK/dT , and dG/dT (both in gigapascals per Kelvin) for a pair of recent seismological models with Δ V p = Δ V s = 4.6% include (65, -0.018, -0.020), (55, -0.015, -0.018), and (45, -0.012, -0.016).

Bibliography

Gwanmesia, G. D., Rigden, S., Jackson, I., & Liebermann, R. C. (1990). Pressure Dependence of Elastic Wave Velocity for Î²-Mg 2 SiO 4 and the Composition of the Earthâs Mantle. Science, 250(4982), 794â797.

Authors 4

Gabriel D. Gwanmesia (first)
Sally Rigden (additional)
Ian Jackson (additional)
Robert C. Liebermann (additional)

References 25 Referenced 88

AKAOGI, M, OLIVINE-MODIFIED SPINEL-SPINEL TRANSITIONS IN THE SYSTEM MG2SIO4-FE2SIO4 - CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, THERMOCHEMICAL CALCULATION, AND GEOPHYSICAL APPLICATION, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 94: 15671 (1989). (10.1029/JB094iB11p15671) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1989)
ANDERSON, D.L., JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 93: 4688 (1988). (10.1029/JB093iB05p04688) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1988)
ANDERSON, D.L., TRANSITION REGION OF THE EARTHS UPPER MANTLE, NATURE 320: 321 (1986). (10.1038/320321a0) / NATURE (1986)
10.1126/science.157.3793.1165
BERNAL, J.D., OBSERVATORY 59: 268 (1936). / OBSERVATORY (1936)
BINA, C.R., OLIVINE-SPINEL TRANSITIONS - EXPERIMENTAL AND THERMODYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NATURE OF THE 400-KM SEISMIC DISCONTINUITY, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 92: 4853 (1987). (10.1029/JB092iB06p04853) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1987)
BIRCH, F, ELASTICITY AND CONSTITUTION OF THE EARTH INTERIOR, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 57: 227 (1952). (10.1029/JZ057i002p00227) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH (1952)
COOK, R.K., VARIATION OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS AND STATIC STRAINS WITH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE - A METHOD FOR CALCULATION FROM ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS, JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 29: 445 (1957). (10.1121/1.1908922) / JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (1957)
DUFFY, T.S., SEISMIC VELOCITIES IN MANTLE MINERALS AND THE MINERALOGY OF THE UPPER MANTLE, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 94: 1895 (1989). (10.1029/JB094iB02p01895) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1989)
GRAND, S.P., UPPER MANTLE SHEAR STRUCTURE OF NORTH-AMERICA, GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 76: 399 (1984). (10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05053.x) / GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY (1984)
GWANMESIA, G.D., HOT-PRESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCRYSTALS OF BETA-MG2SIO4 FOR ACOUSTIC VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 17: 1331 (1990). (10.1029/GL017i009p01331) / GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (1990)
JACKSON, I, EXPLICIT CORRECTION OF ULTRASONICALLY DETERMINED ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITIES FOR TRANSDUCER-BOND PHASE-SHIFTS, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 86: 3736 (1981). (10.1029/JB086iB05p03736) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH (1981)
KATSURA, T, THE SYSTEM MG2SIO4-FE2SIO4 AT HIGH-PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES - PRECISE DETERMINATION OF STABILITIES OF OLIVINE, MODIFIED SPINEL, AND SPINEL, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 94: 15663 (1989). (10.1029/JB094iB11p15663) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1989)
KUMAZAWA, M, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 74: 5961 (1969). (10.1029/JB074i025p05961) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH (1969)
LEFEVRE, L.V., UPPER MANTLE-P VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE CANADIAN SHIELD, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS 94: 17749 (1989). (10.1029/JB094iB12p17749) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS (1989)
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NOLET, G, ENCY SOLID EARTH GEO: 775 (1989). / ENCY SOLID EARTH GEO (1989)
RIGDEN, S.M., PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE OF THE ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITIES FOR MG2GEO4 SPINEL TO 3 GPA, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 15: 605 (1988). (10.1029/GL015i006p00605) / GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (1988)
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10.1126/science.224.4650.749
SUMINO, Y, HDB PHYSICAL PROPERT 3: 39 (1984). / HDB PHYSICAL PROPERT (1984)
WEIDNER, D.J., GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES 39: 239 (1987). / GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES (1987)
WEIDNER, D.J., A MINERAL PHYSICS TEST OF A PYROLITE MANTLE, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 12: 417 (1985). (10.1029/GL012i007p00417) / GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (1985)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 6:10 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 10:13 a.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 1 month ago (July 26, 2024, 4:25 a.m.)
Issued	34 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 9, 1990)
Published	34 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 9, 1990)
Published Print	34 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 9, 1990)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Gwanmesia_1990, title={Pressure Dependence of Elastic Wave Velocity for β-Mg 2 SiO 4 and the Composition of the Earth’s Mantle}, volume={250}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4982.794}, DOI={10.1126/science.250.4982.794}, number={4982}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Gwanmesia, Gabriel D. and Rigden, Sally and Jackson, Ian and Liebermann, Robert C.}, year={1990}, month=nov, pages={794–797} }

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