DOI: 10.1126/science.239.4843.992. Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction

Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction

10.1126/science.239.4843.992

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Experiments to investigate the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom, namely the phase difference across a Josephson tunnel junction, are described. The experiments involve measurements of the escape rate of the junction from its zero voltage state. Low temperature measurements of the escape rate for junctions that are either nearly undamped or moderately damped agree very closely with predictions for macroscopic quantum tunneling, with no adjustable parameters. Microwave spectroscopy reveals quantized energy levels in the potential well of the junction in excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical calculations. The system can be regarded as a "macroscopic nucleus with wires."

Bibliography

Clarke, J., Cleland, A. N., Devoret, M. H., Esteve, D., & Martinis, J. M. (1988). Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction. Science, 239(4843), 992â997.

Authors 5

John Clarke (first)
Andrew N. Cleland (additional)
Michel H. Devoret (additional)
Daniel Esteve (additional)
John M. Martinis (additional)

References 40 Referenced 309

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Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 5:21 p.m.)
Deposited	7 months, 3 weeks ago (Jan. 11, 2025, 2:52 a.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 8:48 a.m.)
Issued	37 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 26, 1988)
Published	37 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 26, 1988)
Published Print	37 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 26, 1988)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Clarke_1988, title={Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction}, volume={239}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4843.992}, DOI={10.1126/science.239.4843.992}, number={4843}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Clarke, John and Cleland, Andrew N. and Devoret, Michel H. and Esteve, Daniel and Martinis, John M.}, year={1988}, month=feb, pages={992–997} }

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