DOI: 10.1126/science.225.4660.407. Acid Rain: Ionic Correlations in the Eastern United States, 1980-1981

Acid Rain: Ionic Correlations in the Eastern United States, 1980-1981

10.1126/science.225.4660.407

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Hydrogen ions in precipitation are correlated much more closely with sulfate than with nitrate, whereas ammonium ions are correlated more closely with nitrate than with sulfate. Target loadings of 14 to 16 kilograms of wet sulfate deposition per hectare per year, instead of 20 as suggested hitherto, are probably necessary to produce average p H values of 4.6 to 4.7, the approximate boundary levels for damage to aquatic ecosystems. Cluster analysis reveals that there are three linked groups of ions related to air pollution, agriculture, and sea spray.

Bibliography

Gorham, E., Martin, F. B., & Litzau, J. T. (1984). Acid Rain: Ionic Correlations in the Eastern United States, 1980-1981. Science, 225(4660), 407â409.

Authors 3

Eville Gorham (first)
Frank B. Martin (additional)
Jack T. Litzau (additional)

References 22 Referenced 85

Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion (1981).
United States-Canada Memorandum of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution (1983).
COGBILL, C.V., ACID PRECIPITATION IN NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES, WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 10: 1133 (1974). (10.1029/WR010i006p01133) / WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH (1974)
EVANS, L.S., ACIDIC PRECIPITATION - CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN AIR-QUALITY STANDARD, WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION 16: 469 (1981). (10.1007/BF01048136) / WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION (1981)
FISHER, D.W., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER SUPPLY PAPER 1535-M: 21 (1968). / U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER SUPPLY PAPER (1968)
GALLOWAY, J.N., ACID PRECIPITATION - THE IMPORTANCE OF NITRIC-ACID, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 15: 1081 (1981). (10.1016/0004-6981(81)90109-8) / ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (1981)
GALLOWAY, J.N., AN ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR BUDGET FOR EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 14: 409 (1980). (10.1016/0004-6981(80)90205-X) / ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (1980)
GALLOWAY, J.N., THE COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION IN REMOTE AREAS OF THE WORLD, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERES 87: 8771 (1982). (10.1029/JC087iC11p08771) / JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERES (1982)
Galloway J. N. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem (1976).
GORHAM, E, ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY HYDROCHLORIC ACID, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 84: 274 (1958). (10.1002/qj.49708436109) / QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (1958)
GRANAT, L, TELLUS 24: 550 (1972). (10.3402/tellusa.v24i6.10682) / TELLUS (1972)
HARRISS R.C. COMMUNICATION.
HENRIKSEN, A, SIMPLE APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING AND MEASURING ACIDIFICATION OF FRESHWATER, NATURE 278: 542 (1979). (10.1038/278542a0) / NATURE (1979)
LAU, N.C., ATMOS ENV 16: 1633 (1982). (10.1016/0004-6981(82)90258-X) / ATMOS ENV (1982)
MCNAUGHTON, D.J., RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SULFATE AND NITRATE ION CONCENTRATIONS AND RAINFALL PH FOR USE IN MODELING APPLICATIONS, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 15: 1075 (1981). (10.1016/0004-6981(81)90108-6) / ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (1981)
MORAN, PAP, J MULTIVARIATE ANAL 1: 232 (1971). (10.1016/0047-259X(71)90013-3) / J MULTIVARIATE ANAL (1971)
MUNGER, J.W., CONTINENTAL-SCALE VARIATIONS IN PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 17: A32 (1983). (10.1021/es00107a722) / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1983)
Reuss J. O. Ecological Research Series Report EPA-66013-75-032 (1975).
SHANNON, D, CATION SOLUBILITIES OF LIGNITE FLY ASHES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 8: 1026 (1974). (10.1021/es60097a006) / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1974)
SKARTVEIT, A, ATMOS ENV 16: 2501 (1982). (10.1016/0004-6981(82)90141-X) / ATMOS ENV (1982)
Soderlund R. Nitrogen phosphorus and sulphur: global cycles Ecological Bulletin of the Swedish Natural Science Research Council 22: (1976).
VERRY, E.S., PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY AT THE MARCELL EXPERIMENTAL FOREST IN NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA, WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 19: 454 (1983). (10.1029/WR019i002p00454) / WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH (1983)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 3:41 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 3:27 a.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 7:11 p.m.)
Issued	41 years ago (July 27, 1984)
Published	41 years ago (July 27, 1984)
Published Print	41 years ago (July 27, 1984)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Gorham_1984, title={Acid Rain: Ionic Correlations in the Eastern United States, 1980-1981}, volume={225}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.225.4660.407}, DOI={10.1126/science.225.4660.407}, number={4660}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Gorham, Eville and Martin, Frank B. and Litzau, Jack T.}, year={1984}, month=jul, pages={407–409} }

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