DOI: 10.1126/science.2205002. Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat Protein Specifically Biand TAR RNA

Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat Protein Specifically Biand TAR RNA

10.1126/science.2205002

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Proteolytically produced carboxyl-terminal fragments of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein that include a conserved region rich in arginine and lysine bind specifically to transactivation response RNA sequences (TAR). A chemically synthesized 14-residue peptide spanning the basic subdomain also recognizes TAR, identifying this subdomain as central for RNA interaction. TAR RNA forms a stable hairpin that includes a six-residue loop, a trinucleotide pyrimidine bulge, and extensive duplex structure. Competition and interference experiments show that the Tat-derived fragments bind to double-stranded RNA and interact specifically at the pyrimidine bulge and adjacent duplex of TAR.

Bibliography

Weeks, K. M., Ampe, C., Schultz, S. C., Steitz, T. A., & Crothers, D. M. (1990). Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat Protein Specifically Biand TAR RNA. Science, 249(4974), 1281â1285.

Authors 5

Kevin M. Weeks (first)
Christophe Ampe (additional)
Steve C. Schultz (additional)
Thomas A. Steitz (additional)
Donald M. Crothers (additional)

References 40 Referenced 329

AIBA, H, MOLECULAR-CLONING AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING OF THE GENE FOR ESCHERICHIA-COLI CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 10: 1345 (1982). (10.1093/nar/10.4.1345) / NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (1982)
ARYA, S.K., HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-2 LONG TERMINAL REPEAT - ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY ELEMENTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 9753 (1988). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1988)
BERKHOUT, B, TAT TRANS-ACTIVATES THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS THROUGH A NASCENT RNA TARGET, CELL 59: 273 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90289-4) / CELL (1989)
BHATTACHARYYA, A, RNA BULGES AND THE HELICAL PERIODICITY OF DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA, NATURE 343: 484 (1990). (10.1038/343484a0) / NATURE (1990)
BRADDOCK, M, HIV-1 TAT ACTIVATES PRESYNTHESIZED RNA IN THE NUCLEUS, CELL 58: 269 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90841-6) / CELL (1989)
CULLEN, B.R., REGULATORY PATHWAYS GOVERNING HIV-1 REPLICATION, CELL 58: 423 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90420-0) / CELL (1989)
DINGWALL, C, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 TAT PROTEIN BINDS TRANS-ACTIVATION-RESPONSIVE REGION (TAR) RNA INVITRO, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 6925 (1989). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1989)
EMERMAN, M, THE SPECIFICITY OF THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2 TRANSACTIVATOR IS DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1, EMBO JOURNAL 6: 3755 (1987). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02710.x) / EMBO JOURNAL (1987)
FENG, S, HIV-1 TAT TRANS-ACTIVATION REQUIRES THE LOOP SEQUENCE WITHIN TAR, NATURE 334: 165 (1988). (10.1038/334165a0) / NATURE (1988)
FRANKEL, A.D., ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES FROM THE TAT PROTEIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 7397 (1989). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1989)
10.1126/science.2832944
GARCIA, J.A., HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1 LTR TATA AND TAR REGION SEQUENCES REQUIRED FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION, EMBO JOURNAL 8: 765 (1989). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03437.x) / EMBO JOURNAL (1989)
GAYNOR, R, SPECIFIC BINDING OF A HELA-CELL NUCLEAR-PROTEIN TO RNA SEQUENCES IN THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TRANSACTIVATING REGION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 4858 (1989). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1989)
GREEN, M, AUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TAT TRANS-ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, CELL 55: 1179 (1988). (10.1016/0092-8674(88)90262-0) / CELL (1988)
GREEN, M, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF HIV-1 TAT MINIMAL DOMAIN PEPTIDES - IDENTIFICATION OF TRANS-DOMINANT MUTANTS THAT SUPPRESS HIV-LTR-DRIVEN GENE-EXPRESSION, CELL 58: 215 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90417-0) / CELL (1989)
HAUBER, J, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANS-ACTIVATION-RESPONSIVE REGION OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-I LONG TERMINAL REPEAT, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 62: 673 (1988). (10.1128/jvi.62.3.673-679.1988) / JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (1988)
HAUBER, J, J VIROL 63: 1 (1989). (10.1128/jvi.63.1.1-8.1989) / J VIROL (1989)
HAUBER, J, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONSERVED BASIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TAT PROTEIN, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 63: 1181 (1989). (10.1128/jvi.63.3.1181-1187.1989) / JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (1989)
JAKOBOVITS, A, A DISCRETE ELEMENT 3' OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 (HIV-1) AND HIV-2 MESSENGER-RNA INITIATION SITES MEDIATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION BY AN HIV TRANS ACTIVATOR, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 8: 2555 (1988). / MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (1988)
LASPIA, M.F., HIV-1 TAT PROTEIN INCREASES TRANSCRIPTIONAL INITIATION AND STABILIZES ELONGATION, CELL 59: 283 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90290-0) / CELL (1989)
LAZINSKI, D, SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION OF RNA HAIRPINS BY BACTERIOPHAGE ANTITERMINATORS REQUIRES A CONSERVED ARGININE-RICH MOTIF, CELL 59: 207 (1989). (10.1016/0092-8674(89)90882-9) / CELL (1989)
10.1016/0092-8674(86)90814-7
MARCINIAK, R.A., IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A HELA NUCLEAR-PROTEIN THAT SPECIFICALLY BINDS TO THE TRANS-ACTIVATION-RESPONSE (TAR) ELEMENT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87: 3624 (1990). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1990)
MCKAY, D.B., STRUCTURE OF CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATOR PROTEIN AT 2.9-A RESOLUTION - INCORPORATION OF AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE AND INTERACTIONS WITH CYCLIC-AMP, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 257: 9518 (1982). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34101-2) / JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (1982)
MILLIGAN, J.F., OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS USING T7 RNA-POLYMERASE AND SYNTHETIC DNA TEMPLATES, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 15: 8783 (1987). (10.1093/nar/15.21.8783) / NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (1987)
MUESING, M.A., REGULATION OF MESSENGER-RNA ACCUMULATION BY A HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSACTIVATOR PROTEIN, CELL 48: 691 (1987). (10.1016/0092-8674(87)90247-9) / CELL (1987)
MYERS G HUMAN RETROVIRUSES A (1989).
PEATTIE, D.A., DIRECT CHEMICAL METHOD FOR SEQUENCING RNA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 76: 1760 (1979). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1979)
PEATTIE, D.A., CHEMICAL PROBING OF THE TRANSFER RNA-RIBOSOME COMPLEX, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 78: 2273 (1981). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1981)
PETERLIN, B.M., ELEVATED LEVELS OF MESSENGER-RNA CAN ACCOUNT FOR THE TRANSACTIVATION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 9734 (1986). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1986)
ROSENBERG, A.H., VECTORS FOR SELECTIVE EXPRESSION OF CLONED DNAS BY T7 RNA-POLYMERASE, GENE 56: 125 (1987). (10.1016/0378-1119(87)90165-X) / GENE (1987)
10.1126/science.2479982
SEEMAN, N.C., SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION OF DOUBLE HELICAL NUCLEIC-ACIDS BY PROTEINS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 73: 804 (1976). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1976)
SELBY, M.J., GENE DEV 3: 3547 (1988). / GENE DEV (1988)
SIEBENLIST, U, CONTACTS BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE AND AN EARLY PROMOTER OF PHAGE-T7, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 77: 122 (1980). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1980)
STUDIER, F.W., USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE TO DIRECT SELECTIVE HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF CLONED GENES, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 189: 113 (1986). (10.1016/0022-2836(86)90385-2) / JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (1986)
THURLOW, D.L., NUCLEOTIDES IN 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA THAT ARE REQUIRED IN UNMODIFIED FORM FOR FEATURES RECOGNIZED BY RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-S8, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 11: 6787 (1983). (10.1093/nar/11.19.6787) / NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (1983)
VARMUS, H, REGULATION OF HIV AND HTLV GENE-EXPRESSION, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 1055 (1988). (10.1101/gad.2.9.1055) / GENES & DEVELOPMENT (1988)
10.1016/0092-8674(85)90303-4
10.1038/271130a0

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 6:10 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2024, 5:19 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 4, 2025, 7:26 a.m.)
Issued	34 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 14, 1990)
Published	34 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 14, 1990)
Published Print	34 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 14, 1990)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Weeks_1990, title={Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat Protein Specifically Biand TAR RNA}, volume={249}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2205002}, DOI={10.1126/science.2205002}, number={4974}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Weeks, Kevin M. and Ampe, Christophe and Schultz, Steve C. and Steitz, Thomas A. and Crothers, Donald M.}, year={1990}, month=sep, pages={1281–1285} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        4
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-04T11:26:14Z",
    "timestamp": 1751628374375
  },
  "reference-count": 40,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "4974",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1990,
        9,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Proteolytically produced carboxyl-terminal fragments of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein that include a conserved region rich in arginine and lysine bind specifically to transactivation response RNA sequences (TAR). A chemically synthesized 14-residue peptide spanning the basic subdomain also recognizes TAR, identifying this subdomain as central for RNA interaction. TAR RNA forms a stable hairpin that includes a six-residue loop, a trinucleotide pyrimidine bulge, and extensive duplex structure. Competition and interference experiments show that the Tat-derived fragments bind to double-stranded RNA and interact specifically at the pyrimidine bulge and adjacent duplex of TAR.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.2205002",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-05T22:10:14Z",
    "timestamp": 1160086214000
  },
  "page": "1281-1285",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 329,
  "title": "Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat Protein Specifically Biand TAR RNA",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "249",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Kevin M.",
      "family": "Weeks",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Christophe",
      "family": "Ampe",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Steve C.",
      "family": "Schultz",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas A.",
      "family": "Steitz",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Donald M.",
      "family": "Crothers",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT."
        },
        {
          "name": "Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1345",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/10.4.1345",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "AIBA, H, MOLECULAR-CLONING AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING OF THE GENE FOR ESCHERICHIA-COLI CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 10: 1345 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "first-page": "9753",
      "volume": "85",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "ARYA, S.K., HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-2 LONG TERMINAL REPEAT - ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY ELEMENTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 9753 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "273",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90289-4",
      "volume": "59",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "BERKHOUT, B, TAT TRANS-ACTIVATES THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS THROUGH A NASCENT RNA TARGET, CELL 59: 273 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "484",
      "DOI": "10.1038/343484a0",
      "volume": "343",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "BHATTACHARYYA, A, RNA BULGES AND THE HELICAL PERIODICITY OF DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA, NATURE 343: 484 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "269",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90841-6",
      "volume": "58",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "BRADDOCK, M, HIV-1 TAT ACTIVATES PRESYNTHESIZED RNA IN THE NUCLEUS, CELL 58: 269 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "423",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90420-0",
      "volume": "58",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "CULLEN, B.R., REGULATORY PATHWAYS GOVERNING HIV-1 REPLICATION, CELL 58: 423 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "first-page": "6925",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "DINGWALL, C, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 TAT PROTEIN BINDS TRANS-ACTIVATION-RESPONSIVE REGION (TAR) RNA INVITRO, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 6925 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3755",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02710.x",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "EMERMAN, M, THE SPECIFICITY OF THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2 TRANSACTIVATOR IS DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1, EMBO JOURNAL 6: 3755 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "EMBO JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "165",
      "DOI": "10.1038/334165a0",
      "volume": "334",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "FENG, S, HIV-1 TAT TRANS-ACTIVATION REQUIRES THE LOOP SEQUENCE WITHIN TAR, NATURE 334: 165 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "NATURE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "first-page": "7397",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "FRANKEL, A.D., ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES FROM THE TAT PROTEIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 7397 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2832944"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "765",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03437.x",
      "volume": "8",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "GARCIA, J.A., HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1 LTR TATA AND TAR REGION SEQUENCES REQUIRED FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION, EMBO JOURNAL 8: 765 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "EMBO JOURNAL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "first-page": "4858",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "GAYNOR, R, SPECIFIC BINDING OF A HELA-CELL NUCLEAR-PROTEIN TO RNA SEQUENCES IN THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TRANSACTIVATING REGION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 4858 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1179",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(88)90262-0",
      "volume": "55",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "GREEN, M, AUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TAT TRANS-ACTIVATOR PROTEIN, CELL 55: 1179 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "215",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90417-0",
      "volume": "58",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "GREEN, M, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF HIV-1 TAT MINIMAL DOMAIN PEPTIDES - IDENTIFICATION OF TRANS-DOMINANT MUTANTS THAT SUPPRESS HIV-LTR-DRIVEN GENE-EXPRESSION, CELL 58: 215 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "673",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jvi.62.3.673-679.1988",
      "volume": "62",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "HAUBER, J, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANS-ACTIVATION-RESPONSIVE REGION OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-I LONG TERMINAL REPEAT, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 62: 673 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jvi.63.1.1-8.1989",
      "volume": "63",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "HAUBER, J, J VIROL 63: 1 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "J VIROL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1181",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jvi.63.3.1181-1187.1989",
      "volume": "63",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "HAUBER, J, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONSERVED BASIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TAT PROTEIN, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 63: 1181 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "first-page": "2555",
      "volume": "8",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "JAKOBOVITS, A, A DISCRETE ELEMENT 3' OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 (HIV-1) AND HIV-2 MESSENGER-RNA INITIATION SITES MEDIATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION BY AN HIV TRANS ACTIVATOR, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 8: 2555 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "283",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90290-0",
      "volume": "59",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "LASPIA, M.F., HIV-1 TAT PROTEIN INCREASES TRANSCRIPTIONAL INITIATION AND STABILIZES ELONGATION, CELL 59: 283 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "207",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90882-9",
      "volume": "59",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "LAZINSKI, D, SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION OF RNA HAIRPINS BY BACTERIOPHAGE ANTITERMINATORS REQUIRES A CONSERVED ARGININE-RICH MOTIF, CELL 59: 207 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(86)90814-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "first-page": "3624",
      "volume": "87",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "MARCINIAK, R.A., IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A HELA NUCLEAR-PROTEIN THAT SPECIFICALLY BINDS TO THE TRANS-ACTIVATION-RESPONSE (TAR) ELEMENT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87: 3624 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9518",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34101-2",
      "volume": "257",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "MCKAY, D.B., STRUCTURE OF CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATOR PROTEIN AT 2.9-A RESOLUTION - INCORPORATION OF AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE AND INTERACTIONS WITH CYCLIC-AMP, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 257: 9518 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8783",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/15.21.8783",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "MILLIGAN, J.F., OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS USING T7 RNA-POLYMERASE AND SYNTHETIC DNA TEMPLATES, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 15: 8783 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "691",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(87)90247-9",
      "volume": "48",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "MUESING, M.A., REGULATION OF MESSENGER-RNA ACCUMULATION BY A HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSACTIVATOR PROTEIN, CELL 48: 691 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "CELL"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "unstructured": "MYERS G HUMAN RETROVIRUSES A (1989)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "first-page": "1760",
      "volume": "76",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "PEATTIE, D.A., DIRECT CHEMICAL METHOD FOR SEQUENCING RNA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 76: 1760 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "first-page": "2273",
      "volume": "78",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "PEATTIE, D.A., CHEMICAL PROBING OF THE TRANSFER RNA-RIBOSOME COMPLEX, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 78: 2273 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "first-page": "9734",
      "volume": "83",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "PETERLIN, B.M., ELEVATED LEVELS OF MESSENGER-RNA CAN ACCOUNT FOR THE TRANSACTIVATION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 9734 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "125",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0378-1119(87)90165-X",
      "volume": "56",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "ROSENBERG, A.H., VECTORS FOR SELECTIVE EXPRESSION OF CLONED DNAS BY T7 RNA-POLYMERASE, GENE 56: 125 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "GENE"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2479982"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "first-page": "804",
      "volume": "73",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "SEEMAN, N.C., SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION OF DOUBLE HELICAL NUCLEIC-ACIDS BY PROTEINS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 73: 804 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "first-page": "3547",
      "volume": "3",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "SELBY, M.J., GENE DEV 3: 3547 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "GENE DEV"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "first-page": "122",
      "volume": "77",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "SIEBENLIST, U, CONTACTS BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE AND AN EARLY PROMOTER OF PHAGE-T7, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 77: 122 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "113",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(86)90385-2",
      "volume": "189",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "STUDIER, F.W., USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE TO DIRECT SELECTIVE HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF CLONED GENES, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 189: 113 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6787",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/11.19.6787",
      "volume": "11",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "THURLOW, D.L., NUCLEOTIDES IN 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA THAT ARE REQUIRED IN UNMODIFIED FORM FOR FEATURES RECOGNIZED BY RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-S8, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 11: 6787 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1055",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.2.9.1055",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "VARMUS, H, REGULATION OF HIV AND HTLV GENE-EXPRESSION, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 1055 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "GENES & DEVELOPMENT"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(85)90303-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/271130a0"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.2205002",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-12T10:19:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1705054773000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.2205002"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1990,
        9,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 40,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4974",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1990,
          9,
          14
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.2205002"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2205002",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1990,
        9,
        14
      ]
    ]
  }
}