DOI: 10.1126/science.206.4425.1363. Anthropogenic Albedo Changes and the Earth's Climate

Anthropogenic Albedo Changes and the Earth's Climate

10.1126/science.206.4425.1363

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The human species has been altering the environment over large geographic areas since the domestication of fire, plants, and animals. The progression from hunter to farmer to technologist has increased the variety and pace more than the geographic extent of human impact on the environment. A number of regions of the earth have experienced significant climatic changes closely related in time to anthropogenic environmental changes. Plausible physical models suggest a causal connection. The magnitudes of probable anthropogenic global albedo changes over the past millennia (and particularly over the past 25 years) are estimated. The results suggest that humans have made substantial contributions to global climate changes during the past several millennia, and perhaps over the past million years; further such changes are now under way.

Bibliography

Sagan, C., Toon, O. B., & Pollack, J. B. (1979). Anthropogenic Albedo Changes and the Earthâs Climate. Science, 206(4425), 1363â1368.

Authors 3

Carl Sagan (first)
Owen B. Toon (additional)
James B. Pollack (additional)

References 47 Referenced 192

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BARTLETT, H.H., MANS ROLE CHANGING F: 697 (1956). / MANS ROLE CHANGING F (1956)
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BRAY, J.R., ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 7: 177 (1971). (10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60205-6) / ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH (1971)
BRYSON, R.A., POSSIBILITIES OF MAJOR CLIMATIC MODIFICATION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS - NORTHWEST INDIA A CASE FOR STUDY, BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 48: 136 (1967). (10.1175/1520-0477-48.3.136) / BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (1967)
BRYSON, R, ENV FUTURE: 133 (1972). / ENV FUTURE (1972)
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BUTZER, K.W., PREHISTORIC AGRICULT: 313 (1971). / PREHISTORIC AGRICULT (1971)
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CLOUDSLEYTHOMPS.JL, RECENT EXPANSION OF SAHARA, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 2: 35 (1971). (10.1080/00207237108709441) / INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (1971)
CURTIS, J.T., MANS ROLE CHANGING F: 721 (1956). / MANS ROLE CHANGING F (1956)
DARBY, H.C., MANS ROLE CHANGING F: 183 (1956). / MANS ROLE CHANGING F (1956)
DAVY, E.G., WORLD METEOROLOGICAL 23: 18 (1974). / WORLD METEOROLOGICAL (1974)
ECKHOLM E LOSING GROUND (1976). (10.1080/00139157.1976.9930747)
EDDY J COMMUNICATION.
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GLANTZ M.H. DESERTIFICATION ENV (1977).
HADENGUEST S WORLD GEOGRAPHY FORE (1956).
HARSHVARDHAN, J QUANT SPECTROSC RA 19: 621 (1978). (10.1016/0022-4073(78)90096-1) / J QUANT SPECTROSC RA (1978)
HERM G PHOENICIANS (1975).
HUMMEL, J.R., GLOBAL SURFACE ALBEDO MODEL, JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY 18: 239 (1979). (10.1175/1520-0450(1979)18[239:AGSAM]2.0.CO;2) / JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY (1979)
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KUKLA, J, GEOLOGIE EN MIJNBOUW 48: 307 (1969). / GEOLOGIE EN MIJNBOUW (1969)
KUNG, E.C., MONTHLY WEATHER REVI 92: 543 (1964). (10.1175/1520-0493(1964)092<0543:SOACSA>2.3.CO;2) / MONTHLY WEATHER REVI (1964)
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OLIVER J.E. CLIMATE MANS ENV (1973).
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TEBRAKE, W.H., AIR-POLLUTION AND FUEL CRISES IN PREINDUSTRIAL LONDON, 1250-1650, TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE 16: 337 (1975). (10.2307/3103030) / TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE (1975)
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10.1126/science.199.4325.141

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 12:39 p.m.)
Deposited	7 months, 2 weeks ago (Jan. 11, 2025, 1:47 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 1 week ago (July 12, 2025, 6:45 p.m.)
Issued	45 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 21, 1979)
Published	45 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 21, 1979)
Published Print	45 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 21, 1979)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Sagan_1979, title={Anthropogenic Albedo Changes and the Earth’s Climate}, volume={206}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.206.4425.1363}, DOI={10.1126/science.206.4425.1363}, number={4425}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Sagan, Carl and Toon, Owen B. and Pollack, James B.}, year={1979}, month=dec, pages={1363–1368} }

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    "date-parts": [
      [
        1979,
        12,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 47,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4425",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1979,
          12,
          21
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.206.4425.1363"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.206.4425.1363",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1979,
        12,
        21
      ]
    ]
  }
}