Multienzyme Systems of DNA Replication
10.1126/science.186.4168.987
Crossref journal-article
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Science (221)
Abstract

Replication is accomplished by multienzyme systems whose operations are usefully considered in respect to three stages of the process: initiation, elongation, and termination. 1) Initiation entails synthesis of a short RNA fragment that serves as primer for the elongation step of DNA synthesis. This stage, probed by SS phage DNA templates, reveals three distinctive and highly specific systems in E. coli . The Ml3 DNA utilizes RNA polymerase in a manner that may reflect how plasmid elements are replicated in the cell. The φX174 DNA does not rely on RNA-polymerase, but requires instead five distinctive proteins which may belong to an apparatus for initiating a host chromosome replication cycle at the origin. The G4 DNA, also independent of RNA polymerase, needs simply the dna G protein for its distinctive initiation and may thus resemble the system that initiates the replication fragments at the nascent growing fork. In each case it is essential that in vitro the DNA-unwinding protein coat the viral DNA and influence its structure. 2) Elongation is achieved in every case by the multisubunit, holoenzyme form of DNA polymerase III. Copolymerase III, which is an enzyme subunit, and adenosine triphosphate are required to form a proper complex with the primer template but appear dispensable for the ensuing chain growth by DNA polymerase. 3) Termination requires excision of the RNA priming fragment, filling of gaps and sealing of interruptions to produce a covalently intact phosphodiester backbone. DNA polymerase I has the capacity for excision and gap-filling and DNA ligase is required for sealing. What once appeared to be a simple DNA polymerase-mediated conversion of a single-strand to a duplex circle is now seen as a complex series of events in which diverse multienzyme systems function. Annoyance with the difficulties in resolving and reconstituting these systems is tempered by the conviction that these are the very systems used ,by the cell in replicating its chromosome and extrachromosomal elements. Thus, understanding of the regulation of replication events in the cell, their localization at membrane surfaces and integration with cell division, and their coordination with phage DNA maturation and particle assembly will all be advanced by knowledge of the components of the replicative machinery.

Bibliography

Schekman, R., Weiner, A., & Kornberg, A. (1974). Multienzyme Systems of DNA Replication. Science, 186(4168), 987–993.

Authors 3
  1. Randy Schekman (first)
  2. Alan Weiner (additional)
  3. Arthur Kornberg (additional)
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Dates
Type When
Created 18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 11:10 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 11, 2024, 3:24 p.m.)
Indexed 1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 2, 2025, 2:46 p.m.)
Issued 50 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 13, 1974)
Published 50 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 13, 1974)
Published Print 50 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 13, 1974)
Funders 0

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@article{Schekman_1974, title={Multienzyme Systems of DNA Replication: Proteins required for chromosome replication are resolved with the aid of a simple viral DNA template.}, volume={186}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.186.4168.987}, DOI={10.1126/science.186.4168.987}, number={4168}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Schekman, Randy and Weiner, Alan and Kornberg, Arthur}, year={1974}, month=dec, pages={987–993} }