DOI: 10.1126/science.148.3668.339. Sap Pressure in Vascular Plants

10.1126/science.148.3668.339

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

A method is described which permits measurement of sap pressure in the xylem of vascular plants. As long predicted, sap pressures during transpiration are normally negative, ranging from -4 or -5 atmospheres in a damp forest to -80 atmospheres in the desert. Mangroves and other halophytes maintain at all times a sap pressure of -35 to -60 atmospheres. Mistletoes have greater suction than their hosts, usually by 10 to 20 atmospheres. Diurnal cycles of 10 to 20 atmospheres are common. In tall conifers there is a hydrostatic pressure gradient that closely corresponds to the height and seems surprisingly little influenced by the intensity of transpiration. Sap extruded from the xylem by gas pressure on the leaves is practically pure water. At zero turgor this procedure gives a linear relation between the intracellular concentration and the tension of the xylem.

Bibliography

Scholander, P. F., Bradstreet, E. D., Hemmingsen, E. A., & Hammel, H. T. (1965). Sap Pressure in Vascular Plants. Science, 148(3668), 339â346.

Authors 4

P. F. Scholander (first)
Edda D. Bradstreet (additional)
E. A. Hemmingsen (additional)
H. T. Hammel (additional)

References 17 Referenced 2,878

ARCICHOVSKIJ, N, PLANTA 14: 533 (1931). (10.1007/BF01917152) / PLANTA (1931)
ARCICHOVSKIJ, N, PLANTA 14: 545 (1931). (10.1007/BF01917153) / PLANTA (1931)
ARCICHOVSKIJ, N, PLANTA 14: 552 (1931). (10.1007/BF01917154) / PLANTA (1931)
BRIGGS, L. J., JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 21: 721 (1950). / JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (1950)
Dixon H. H. Transpiration and the Ascent of Sap in Plants (1914). (10.5962/bhl.title.44194)
ASKENASY, E., VERHANDL NATURHISTME 5: 325 (1895). / VERHANDL NATURHISTME (1895)
GLASER, D.A., THE BUBBLE CHAMBER, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 192: 46 (1955). (10.1038/scientificamerican0455-46) / SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN (1955)
LYBECK, B.R., WINTER FREEZING IN RELATION TO THE RISE OF SAP IN TALL TREES, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 34: 482 (1959). (10.1104/pp.34.4.482) / PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1959)
RENNER, O, FLORA 103: 171 (1911). / FLORA (1911)
SCHOLANDER P.F. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 42 1 (1953). (10.1002/jcp.1030420403)
SCHOLANDER, P.F., SUPERCOOLING AND OSMOREGULATION IN ARCTIC FISH, JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 49: 5 (1957). (10.1002/jcp.1030490103) / JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (1957)
SCHOLANDER, P.F., HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE + OSMOTIC POTENTIAL IN LEAVES OF MANGROVES + SOME OTHER PLANTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 52: 119 (1964). / PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1964)
SCHOLANDER, P.F., THE RISE OF SAP IN TALL GRAPEVINES, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 30: 93 (1955). (10.1104/pp.30.2.93) / PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1955)
SCHOLANDER, P.F., SALT BALANCE IN MANGROVES, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 37: 722 (1962). (10.1104/pp.37.6.722) / PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1962)
10.1126/science.134.3493.1835
WALTER, H, ZEITSCHRIFT FUR BOTANIK 30: 65 (1936). / ZEITSCHRIFT FUR BOTANIK (1936)
ZIMMERMANN, M.H., EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON ASCENT OF SAP IN TREES, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 39: 568 (1964). (10.1104/pp.39.4.568) / PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1964)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 6:04 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 2024, 10:36 p.m.)
Indexed	9 hours, 48 minutes ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 1:02 a.m.)
Issued	60 years, 4 months ago (April 16, 1965)
Published	60 years, 4 months ago (April 16, 1965)
Published Print	60 years, 4 months ago (April 16, 1965)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Scholander_1965, title={Sap Pressure in Vascular Plants: Negative hydrostatic pressure can be measured in plants.}, volume={148}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.148.3668.339}, DOI={10.1126/science.148.3668.339}, number={3668}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Scholander, P. F. and Bradstreet, Edda D. and Hemmingsen, E. A. and Hammel, H. T.}, year={1965}, month=apr, pages={339–346} }

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