Abstract
Crunching the numbers to explain cancer Why do some tissues give rise to cancer in humans a million times more frequently than others? Tomasetti and Vogelstein conclude that these differences can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions. By plotting the lifetime incidence of various cancers against the estimated number of normal stem cell divisions in the corresponding tissues over a lifetime, they found a strong correlation extending over five orders of magnitude. This suggests that random errors occurring during DNA replication in normal stem cells are a major contributing factor in cancer development. Remarkably, this “bad luck” component explains a far greater number of cancers than do hereditary and environmental factors. Science , this issue p. 78
References
146
Referenced
1,572
10.1002/lary.24618
-
N. Jaffe Pediatric and Adolescent Osteosarcoma (Springer New York 2009).
(
10.1007/978-1-4419-0284-9
) - National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program; www.seer.cancer.gov.
10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67725-2
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; www.cdc.gov.
10.1126/science.278.5340.1043
10.1056/NEJM200007133430201
- American Cancer Society; www.cancer.org.
10.1038/bjc.1957.22
10.1038/bjc.1954.1
- T. Boveri Zur Frage der Entstehung Maligner Tumoren (G. Fischer Jena Germany 1914).
10.1016/0092-8674(90)90186-I
10.1073/pnas.68.4.820
10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.002
10.1038/nature07943
10.1126/science.1235122
10.1093/jnci/80.10.772
- Tomatis L.International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cell proliferation and carcinogenesis: A brief history and current view based on an IARC workshop report. Environ. Health Perspect. 101 (suppl. 5), 149–151 (1993).8013403 / Environ. Health Perspect. / Cell proliferation and carcinogenesis: A brief history and current view based on an IARC workshop report by Tomatis L. (1993)
10.1289/ehp.93101s5125
10.1289/ehp.93101s515
-
S. A. Frank in Dynamics of Cancer: Incidence Inheritance and Evolution (Princeton Univ. Press Princeton NJ 2007) chap. 4.
(
10.1515/9780691186863
) 10.1200/JCO.2010.28.5460
10.1073/pnas.0912629107
10.1073/pnas.1221068110
10.1038/nrm2636
10.1172/JCI10229
10.1038/35102167
10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.016
10.1038/bjc.1953.8
10.1038/nature12634
10.1126/scitranslmed.3003218
10.3109/03014460.2013.807878
10.1002/cyto.990140407
10.1073/pnas.1116110108
10.1038/nbt.1517
10.1038/nature06115
- Bradford G. B., Williams B., Rossi R., Bertoncello I., Quiescence, cycling, and turnover in the primitive hematopoietic stem cell compartment. Exp. Hematol. 25, 445–453 (1997).9168066 / Exp. Hematol. / Quiescence, cycling, and turnover in the primitive hematopoietic stem cell compartment by Bradford G. B. (1997)
10.1084/jem.192.9.1273
10.1073/pnas.96.6.3120
10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.2.x
10.1016/S0190-9622(08)81509-5
10.1056/NEJMra044151
10.1172/JCI58779
10.1038/ncb2031
- A. Rook T. Burns Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology (Blackwell Science Malden Mass. ed. 7th 2004).
10.1016/0167-8140(94)90065-5
10.1242/dev.126.11.2409
10.1016/0092-8674(95)90453-0
10.1056/NEJM198710223171717
10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb01886.x
10.1016/0923-1811(94)90057-4
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2061
10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63220-8
10.1186/2041-9414-3-3
10.1046/j.1365-2184.2003.00264.x
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.043
10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030028
10.1136/gut.33.1.71
10.1016/0016-5085(84)90592-4
10.1007/s00535-003-1259-8
10.1056/NEJMra012242
10.1002/humu.22262
- Neugut A. I., Jacobson J. S., Suh S., Mukherjee R., Arber N., The epidemiology of cancer of the small bowel. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 7, 243–251 (1998).9521441 / Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. / The epidemiology of cancer of the small bowel by Neugut A. I. (1998)
10.1186/1741-7015-3-10
10.1016/j.stem.2013.08.001
10.1002/ijc.23691
- Kim R., Weissfeld J. L., Reynolds J. C., Kuller L. H., Etiology of Barrett’s metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 6, 369–377 (1997).9149898 / Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. / Etiology of Barrett’s metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma by Kim R. (1997)
- M. H. Sleisenger M. Feldman L. S. Friedman L. J. Brandt Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology Diagnosis Management (Saunders/Elsevier Philadelphia PA ed. 9th 2010).
10.4103/0973-029X.80034
10.1126/science.1218835
-
C. A. Squier K. A. Brogden Human Oral Mucosa: Development Structure and Function (Wiley-Blackwell Chichester West Sussex UK 2011).
(
10.1002/9781118710470
) 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003443
- Cancer Research UK; http://www.cancerresearchuk.org.
10.2353/ajpath.2009.080262
10.1136/gut.20.3.246
10.1093/neuonc/nou087
10.1002/cne.21974
10.1073/pnas.1201895109
10.1038/nature09612
10.1038/nmeth758
10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.028
10.1056/NEJMoa065497
10.1093/jnci/92.9.709
10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3870
10.1056/NEJM200104123441503
10.1093/infdis/jis698
10.1001/jama.2012.101
- Dahlstrom K. R., Adler-Storthz K., Etzel C. J., Liu Z., Dillon L., El-Naggar A. K., Spitz M. R., Schiller J. T., Wei Q., Sturgis E. M., Human papillomavirus type 16 infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never-smokers: A matched pair analysis. Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 2620–2626 (2003).12855639 / Clin. Cancer Res. / Human papillomavirus type 16 infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never-smokers: A matched pair analysis by Dahlstrom K. R. (2003)
10.1186/1746-160X-9-8
10.1177/00220345870660080201
10.1590/S1807-59322007000100002
10.1007/BF01627918
10.1038/ijos.2013.46
- Shojaei A. H., Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: A review. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 1, 15–30 (1998).10942969 / J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. / Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: A review by Shojaei A. H. (1998)
10.1200/JCO.2008.20.7753
10.1053/j.gastro.2004.07.020
10.7326/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00004
10.1002/hep.24157
- W. K. Hong American Association for Cancer Research Holland Frei Cancer Medicine 8 (People’s Medical Pub. House Shelton Conn. ed. 8th 2010).
- Agaku I. T., King B. A., Dube S. R.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2005-2012. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 63, 29–34 (2014).24430098 / MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. / Current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2005-2012 by Agaku I. T. (2014)
10.1016/j.cell.2005.03.032
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.039
10.1038/nature12930
10.1093/neuonc/nos218
10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151518
10.1038/nrc1836
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12<2638::AID-CNCR31>3.0.CO;2-1
10.1089/thy.1994.4.233
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01044.x
10.1007/BF00381881
10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.01.014
10.1210/en.2006-0490
10.1210/en.2011-1365
10.1089/thy.2007.0183
10.1038/nrendo.2011.127
10.1530/JOE-11-0183
10.1111/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01290.x
10.1056/NEJMra052166
- Kanitakis J., Anatomy, histology and immunohistochemistry of normal human skin. Eur. J. Dermatol. 12, 390–399, quiz 400–401 (2002).12095893 / Eur. J. Dermatol. / Anatomy, histology and immunohistochemistry of normal human skin by Kanitakis J. (2002)
10.1083/jcb.66.3.663
10.1074/jbc.M110.166751
10.1196/annals.1402.018
10.1083/jcb.14.3.357
10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.022
10.1002/cncr.27403
10.1093/humrep/der149
10.1530/REP-11-0430
10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.025
- R. Rubin D. S. Strayer E. Rubin Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ed. 6th 2011).
10.1073/pnas.0902508106
10.1038/ng.722
10.1245/s10434-007-9566-6
10.1073/pnas.0805803105
10.1073/pnas.0912589107
10.2337/diabetes.50.2.301
-
W. Kuehnel Pocket Atlas of Cytology Histology and Microscopic Anatomy (Thieme 2003).
(
10.1055/b-005-148882
) 10.1038/ajg.2010.313
- Trbojević-Stanković J. B., Milićević N. M., Milosević D. P., Despotović N., Davidović M., Erceg P., Bojić B., Bojić D., Svorcan P., Protić M., Dapcević B., Miljković M. D., Milićević Z., Morphometric study of healthy jejunal and ileal mucosa in adult and aged subjects. Histol. Histopathol. 25, 153–158 (2010).20017102 / Histol. Histopathol. / Morphometric study of healthy jejunal and ileal mucosa in adult and aged subjects by Trbojević-Stanković J. B. (2010)
10.1038/nature13448
10.1056/NEJM199707243370406
10.1530/rep.0.1210825
10.1016/0027-5107(93)90159-D
-
de Rooij D. G., Russell L. D., All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask. J. Androl. 21, 776–798 (2000).11105904
(
10.1002/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03408.x
) / J. Androl. / All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask by de Rooij D. G. (2000) 10.1046/j.0022-7722.2002.00009.x
10.2164/jandrol.108.006817
10.1038/ng0895-383
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 2015, 2:03 p.m.) |
Deposited | 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 2024, 3:51 p.m.) |
Indexed | 11 minutes ago (Aug. 26, 2025, 1:13 a.m.) |
Issued | 10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 2, 2015) |
Published | 10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 2, 2015) |
Published Print | 10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 2, 2015) |
Funders
4
NIH
10.13039/100000002
National Institutes of HealthRegion: Americas
gov (National government)
Labels
3
- Institutos Nacionales de la Salud
- US National Institutes of Health
- NIH
Awards
4
- R37-CA43460
- RO1-CA57345
- P50-CA62924
- P30-CA006973
The Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research
The Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research
The Sol Goldman Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research
@article{Tomasetti_2015, title={Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions}, volume={347}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1260825}, DOI={10.1126/science.1260825}, number={6217}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Tomasetti, Cristian and Vogelstein, Bert}, year={2015}, month=jan, pages={78–81} }