DOI: 10.1126/science.1140579. Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5α Antiviral Protein

Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5α Antiviral Protein

10.1126/science.1140579

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Primate genomes contain a large number of endogenous retroviruses and encode evolutionarily dynamic proteins that provide intrinsic immunity to retroviral infections. We report here the resurrection of the core protein of a 4-million-year-old endogenous virus from the chimpanzee genome and show that the human variant of the intrinsic immune protein TRIM5α can actively prevent infection by this virus. However, we suggest that selective changes that have occurred in the human lineage during the acquisition of resistance to this virus, and perhaps similar viruses, may have left our species more susceptible to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).

Authors 3

Shari M. Kaiser (first)
Harmit S. Malik (additional)
Michael Emerman (additional)

References 23 Referenced 117

10.1371/journal.pbio.0030110
10.1073/pnas.0509996103
10.1073/pnas.0510483103
10.1128/JVI.79.7.3930-3937.2005
10.1038/nature02343
10.1073/pnas.0409853102
10.1073/pnas.0403364101
10.1073/pnas.0402361101
10.1128/JVI.79.7.4159-4169.2005
10.1128/JVI.79.22.14446-14450.2005
10.1101/gr.5565706
10.1371/journal.ppat.0030010
10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.042
10.1128/JVI.79.5.3139-3145.2005
10.1128/JVI.00270-06
10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.031
10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.045
10.1371/journal.pbio.0020275
10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.045
10.1073/pnas.0605838103
10.1038/444164a
10.1126/science.1126531
We thank M. Rogel for initiating the PtERV1 reconstruction; E. Eichler and B. Hahn for chimpanzee DNAs; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center flow cytometry lab; and E. Eichler M. OhAinle S. Sawyer Y. Voronin and M. Yamashita for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants (M.E.) and a Searle Scholar Award (H.S.M.). S.M.K. was supported by an NSF graduate fellowship.

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 2 months ago (June 21, 2007, 5:41 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 2024, 3:05 a.m.)
Indexed	1 week, 4 days ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 2:28 p.m.)
Issued	18 years, 2 months ago (June 22, 2007)
Published	18 years, 2 months ago (June 22, 2007)
Published Print	18 years, 2 months ago (June 22, 2007)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kaiser_2007, title={Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5α Antiviral Protein}, volume={316}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1140579}, DOI={10.1126/science.1140579}, number={5832}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Kaiser, Shari M. and Malik, Harmit S. and Emerman, Michael}, year={2007}, month=jun, pages={1756–1758} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        21
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-21T18:28:43Z",
    "timestamp": 1755800923820
  },
  "reference-count": 23,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5832",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6,
        22
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Primate genomes contain a large number of endogenous retroviruses and encode evolutionarily dynamic proteins that provide intrinsic immunity to retroviral infections. We report here the resurrection of the core protein of a 4-million-year-old endogenous virus from the chimpanzee genome and show that the human variant of the intrinsic immune protein TRIM5\u03b1 can actively prevent infection by this virus. However, we suggest that selective changes that have occurred in the human lineage during the acquisition of resistance to this virus, and perhaps similar viruses, may have left our species more susceptible to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.1140579",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6,
        21
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2007-06-21T21:41:47Z",
    "timestamp": 1182462107000
  },
  "page": "1756-1758",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 117,
  "title": "Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5\u03b1 Antiviral Protein",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "316",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Shari M.",
      "family": "Kaiser",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Harmit S.",
      "family": "Malik",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Emerman",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0030110"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0509996103"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0510483103"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.7.3930-3937.2005"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature02343"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0409853102"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0403364101"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0402361101"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.7.4159-4169.2005"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.22.14446-14450.2005"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gr.5565706"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.0030010"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.042"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.5.3139-3145.2005"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.00270-06"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.031"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.045"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020275"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.045"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0605838103"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/444164a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1126531"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_24_2",
      "unstructured": "We thank M. Rogel for initiating the PtERV1 reconstruction; E. Eichler and B. Hahn for chimpanzee DNAs; the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center flow cytometry lab; and E. Eichler M. OhAinle S. Sawyer Y. Voronin and M. Yamashita for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants (M.E.) and a Searle Scholar Award (H.S.M.). S.M.K. was supported by an NSF graduate fellowship."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1140579",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-10T08:05:36Z",
    "timestamp": 1704873936000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1140579"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6,
        22
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 23,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5832",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2007,
          6,
          22
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.1140579"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1140579",
  "relation": {
    "has-review": [
      {
        "id-type": "doi",
        "id": "10.3410/f.1087536.545254",
        "asserted-by": "object"
      },
      {
        "id-type": "doi",
        "id": "10.3410/f.1087536.540645",
        "asserted-by": "object"
      },
      {
        "id-type": "doi",
        "id": "10.3410/f.1087536.540593",
        "asserted-by": "object"
      }
    ]
  },
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6,
        22
      ]
    ]
  }
}