DOI: 10.1126/science.1135842. Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples

Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples

10.1126/science.1135842

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.

Bibliography

Zolensky, M. E., Zega, T. J., Yano, H., Wirick, S., Westphal, A. J., Weisberg, M. K., Weber, I., Warren, J. L., Velbel, M. A., Tsuchiyama, A., Tsou, P., Toppani, A., Tomioka, N., Tomeoka, K., Teslich, N., Taheri, M., Susini, J., Stroud, R., Stephan, T., â¦ Bastien, R. (2006). Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples. Science, 314(5806), 1735â1739.

Authors 75

Michael E. Zolensky (first)
Thomas J. Zega (additional)
Hajime Yano (additional)
Sue Wirick (additional)
Andrew J. Westphal (additional)
Mike K. Weisberg (additional)
Iris Weber (additional)
Jack L. Warren (additional)
Michael A. Velbel (additional)
Akira Tsuchiyama (additional)
Peter Tsou (additional)
Alice Toppani (additional)
Naotaka Tomioka (additional)
Kazushige Tomeoka (additional)
Nick Teslich (additional)
Mitra Taheri (additional)
Jean Susini (additional)
Rhonda Stroud (additional)
Thomas Stephan (additional)
Frank J. Stadermann (additional)
Christopher J. Snead (additional)
Steven B. Simon (additional)
Alexandre Simionovici (additional)
Thomas H. See (additional)
François Robert (additional)
Frans J. M. Rietmeijer (additional)
William Rao (additional)
Murielle C. Perronnet (additional)
Dimitri A. Papanastassiou (additional)
Kyoko Okudaira (additional)
Kazumasa Ohsumi (additional)
Ichiro Ohnishi (additional)
Keiko Nakamura-Messenger (additional)
Tomoki Nakamura (additional)
Smail Mostefaoui (additional)
Takashi Mikouchi (additional)
Anders Meibom (additional)
Graciela Matrajt (additional)
Matthew A. Marcus (additional)
Hugues Leroux (additional)
Laurence Lemelle (additional)
Loan Le (additional)
Antonio Lanzirotti (additional)
Falko Langenhorst (additional)
Alexander N. Krot (additional)
Lindsay P. Keller (additional)
Anton T. Kearsley (additional)
David Joswiak (additional)
Damien Jacob (additional)
Hope Ishii (additional)
Ralph Harvey (additional)
Kenji Hagiya (additional)
Lawrence Grossman (additional)
Jeffrey N. Grossman (additional)
Giles A. Graham (additional)
Matthieu Gounelle (additional)
Philippe Gillet (additional)
Matthew J. Genge (additional)
George Flynn (additional)
Tristan Ferroir (additional)
Stewart Fallon (additional)
Denton S. Ebel (additional)
Zu Rong Dai (additional)
Patrick Cordier (additional)
Benton Clark (additional)
Miaofang Chi (additional)
Anna L. Butterworth (additional)
Donald E. Brownlee (additional)
John C. Bridges (additional)
Sean Brennan (additional)
Adrian Brearley (additional)
John P. Bradley (additional)
Pierre Bleuet (additional)
Phil A. Bland (additional)
Ron Bastien (additional)

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In ( 39 ) carbon is ignored in the calculations and oxygen is calculated.
We thank the U.S. public for supporting the Stardust mission with valuable tax dollars and our many home institutions and funding agencies for making possible this concentrated 9-month-long analytical effort. The dedicated personnel of the Johnson Space Center Curation Facility were critical to our analytical efforts. We also thank our good friends at Lockheed Martin Space Systems for the wonderful spacecraft.

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 14, 2006, 7:55 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 2024, 4:52 a.m.)
Indexed	3 weeks, 6 days ago (July 24, 2025, 7:31 a.m.)
Issued	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 15, 2006)
Published	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 15, 2006)
Published Print	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 15, 2006)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Zolensky_2006, title={Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples}, volume={314}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1135842}, DOI={10.1126/science.1135842}, number={5806}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Zolensky, Michael E. and Zega, Thomas J. and Yano, Hajime and Wirick, Sue and Westphal, Andrew J. and Weisberg, Mike K. and Weber, Iris and Warren, Jack L. and Velbel, Michael A. and Tsuchiyama, Akira and Tsou, Peter and Toppani, Alice and Tomioka, Naotaka and Tomeoka, Kazushige and Teslich, Nick and Taheri, Mitra and Susini, Jean and Stroud, Rhonda and Stephan, Thomas and Stadermann, Frank J. and Snead, Christopher J. and Simon, Steven B. and Simionovici, Alexandre and See, Thomas H. and Robert, François and Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. and Rao, William and Perronnet, Murielle C. and Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. and Okudaira, Kyoko and Ohsumi, Kazumasa and Ohnishi, Ichiro and Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko and Nakamura, Tomoki and Mostefaoui, Smail and Mikouchi, Takashi and Meibom, Anders and Matrajt, Graciela and Marcus, Matthew A. and Leroux, Hugues and Lemelle, Laurence and Le, Loan and Lanzirotti, Antonio and Langenhorst, Falko and Krot, Alexander N. and Keller, Lindsay P. and Kearsley, Anton T. and Joswiak, David and Jacob, Damien and Ishii, Hope and Harvey, Ralph and Hagiya, Kenji and Grossman, Lawrence and Grossman, Jeffrey N. and Graham, Giles A. and Gounelle, Matthieu and Gillet, Philippe and Genge, Matthew J. and Flynn, George and Ferroir, Tristan and Fallon, Stewart and Ebel, Denton S. and Dai, Zu Rong and Cordier, Patrick and Clark, Benton and Chi, Miaofang and Butterworth, Anna L. and Brownlee, Donald E. and Bridges, John C. and Brennan, Sean and Brearley, Adrian and Bradley, John P. and Bleuet, Pierre and Bland, Phil A. and Bastien, Ron}, year={2006}, month=dec, pages={1735–1739} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:p>The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.</jats:p>",
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          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Frank J.",
      "family": "Stadermann",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Christopher J.",
      "family": "Snead",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Steven B.",
      "family": "Simon",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Alexandre",
      "family": "Simionovici",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas H.",
      "family": "See",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Franc\u0327ois",
      "family": "Robert",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Frans J. M.",
      "family": "Rietmeijer",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "William",
      "family": "Rao",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Murielle C.",
      "family": "Perronnet",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Dimitri A.",
      "family": "Papanastassiou",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Kyoko",
      "family": "Okudaira",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Kazumasa",
      "family": "Ohsumi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Ichiro",
      "family": "Ohnishi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Keiko",
      "family": "Nakamura-Messenger",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Tomoki",
      "family": "Nakamura",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Smail",
      "family": "Mostefaoui",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Takashi",
      "family": "Mikouchi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Anders",
      "family": "Meibom",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Graciela",
      "family": "Matrajt",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Matthew A.",
      "family": "Marcus",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Hugues",
      "family": "Leroux",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Laurence",
      "family": "Lemelle",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Loan",
      "family": "Le",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Antonio",
      "family": "Lanzirotti",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Falko",
      "family": "Langenhorst",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Alexander N.",
      "family": "Krot",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Lindsay P.",
      "family": "Keller",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Anton T.",
      "family": "Kearsley",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Joswiak",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Damien",
      "family": "Jacob",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Hope",
      "family": "Ishii",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Ralph",
      "family": "Harvey",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6360, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan."
        },
        {
          "name": "National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA."
        },
        {
          "name": "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720\u20137450, USA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Kenji",
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