DOI: 10.1126/science.1111886. Resonant Optical Antennas

10.1126/science.1111886

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

We have fabricated nanometer-scale gold dipole antennas designed to be resonant at optical frequencies. On resonance, strong field enhancement in the antenna feed gap leads to white-light supercontinuum generation. The antenna length at resonance is considerably shorter than one-half the wavelength of the incident light. This is in contradiction to classical antenna theory but in qualitative accordance with computer simulations that take into account the finite metallic conductivity at optical frequencies. Because optical antennas link propagating radiation and confined/enhanced optical fields, they should find applications in optical characterization, manipulation of nanostructures, and optical information processing.

Bibliography

MuÌhlschlegel, P., Eisler, H.-J., Martin, O. J. F., Hecht, B., & Pohl, D. W. (2005). Resonant Optical Antennas. Science, 308(5728), 1607â1609.

Authors 5

P. Mühlschlegel (first)
H.-J. Eisler (additional)
O. J. F. Martin (additional)
B. Hecht (additional)
D. W. Pohl (additional)

References 31 Referenced 1,868

10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1667
10.1038/20154
10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.095503
10.1063/1.1534916
10.1021/nl049670j
10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.645
10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.246802
10.1073/pnas.0408604101
10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2590
10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3008
10.1038/nmat852
10.1038/nature01937
10.1126/science.290.5500.2282
10.1016/B978-0-12-029912-6.50009-9
10.1063/1.118577
10.1364/OL.24.001629
D. W. Pohl in Near-Field Optics: Principles and Applications M. Ohtsu X. Zhu Eds. (World Scientific Singapore 2000) pp. 22–23 (http://monet.physik.unibas.ch/nfo/members/contact_dp.html).
10.1063/1.1602956
10.1021/nl049951r
10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.017402
10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.227402
10.1126/science.1098999
10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.584
10.1088/0256-307X/18/3/327
10.1364/OPEX.12.004366
10.1103/PhysRevB.33.7923
10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115433
10.1364/JOSAA.18.000854
10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01357-9
10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370
We gratefully acknowledge continuous support by H.-J. Güntherodt. We thank J. Boudaden I. Mack and P. Oelhafen for the preparation of ITO substrates Ch. Schönenberger for providing access to his microfabrication facilities and Ph. Gasser Eidgenössische Materialprüfungsanstalt (EMPA) for FIB support. We further acknowledge stimulating discussions with J. Y. P. Butter J. N. Farahani W. Grange S. Karotke A. Lieb Y. Lill and J. Toquant. Financial support came from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Nanoscale Science and a research professorship for B.H. O.J.F.M. acknowledges support from NCCR Quantum Photonics.

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 2 months ago (June 9, 2005, 5:33 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 11:53 p.m.)
Indexed	1 week, 5 days ago (Aug. 20, 2025, 8:22 a.m.)
Issued	20 years, 2 months ago (June 10, 2005)
Published	20 years, 2 months ago (June 10, 2005)
Published Print	20 years, 2 months ago (June 10, 2005)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Mu_hlschlegel_2005, title={Resonant Optical Antennas}, volume={308}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1111886}, DOI={10.1126/science.1111886}, number={5728}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Mühlschlegel, P. and Eisler, H.-J. and Martin, O. J. F. and Hecht, B. and Pohl, D. W.}, year={2005}, month=jun, pages={1607–1609} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        20
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-20T12:22:45Z",
    "timestamp": 1755692565731
  },
  "reference-count": 31,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5728",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        6,
        10
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>We have fabricated nanometer-scale gold dipole antennas designed to be resonant at optical frequencies. On resonance, strong field enhancement in the antenna feed gap leads to white-light supercontinuum generation. The antenna length at resonance is considerably shorter than one-half the wavelength of the incident light. This is in contradiction to classical antenna theory but in qualitative accordance with computer simulations that take into account the finite metallic conductivity at optical frequencies. Because optical antennas link propagating radiation and confined/enhanced optical fields, they should find applications in optical characterization, manipulation of nanostructures, and optical information processing.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.1111886",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        6,
        9
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2005-06-09T21:33:36Z",
    "timestamp": 1118352816000
  },
  "page": "1607-1609",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 1868,
  "title": "Resonant Optical Antennas",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "308",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "P.",
      "family": "Mu\u0308hlschlegel",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Nano-Optics group, National Center of Competence in Nanoscale Science, Institute of Physics, University Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland."
        },
        {
          "name": "Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ELG 240, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "H.-J.",
      "family": "Eisler",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Nano-Optics group, National Center of Competence in Nanoscale Science, Institute of Physics, University Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland."
        },
        {
          "name": "Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ELG 240, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "O. J. F.",
      "family": "Martin",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Nano-Optics group, National Center of Competence in Nanoscale Science, Institute of Physics, University Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland."
        },
        {
          "name": "Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ELG 240, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "B.",
      "family": "Hecht",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Nano-Optics group, National Center of Competence in Nanoscale Science, Institute of Physics, University Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland."
        },
        {
          "name": "Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ELG 240, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "D. W.",
      "family": "Pohl",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Nano-Optics group, National Center of Competence in Nanoscale Science, Institute of Physics, University Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland."
        },
        {
          "name": "Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ELG 240, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1667"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/20154"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.095503"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1534916"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl049670j"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.645"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.246802"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0408604101"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2590"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3008"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat852"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature01937"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.290.5500.2282"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/B978-0-12-029912-6.50009-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.118577"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1364/OL.24.001629"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_18_2",
      "unstructured": "D. W. Pohl in Near-Field Optics: Principles and Applications M. Ohtsu X. Zhu Eds. (World Scientific Singapore 2000) pp. 22\u201323 (http://monet.physik.unibas.ch/nfo/members/contact_dp.html)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1602956"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl049951r"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.017402"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.227402"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1098999"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.584"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0256-307X/18/3/327"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1364/OPEX.12.004366"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.33.7923"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115433"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_29_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSAA.18.000854"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01357-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_32_2",
      "unstructured": "We gratefully acknowledge continuous support by H.-J. G\u00fcntherodt. We thank J. Boudaden I. Mack and P. Oelhafen for the preparation of ITO substrates Ch. Sch\u00f6nenberger for providing access to his microfabrication facilities and Ph. Gasser Eidgen\u00f6ssische Materialpr\u00fcfungsanstalt (EMPA) for FIB support. We further acknowledge stimulating discussions with J. Y. P. Butter J. N. Farahani W. Grange S. Karotke A. Lieb Y. Lill and J. Toquant. Financial support came from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Nanoscale Science and a research professorship for B.H. O.J.F.M. acknowledges support from NCCR Quantum Photonics."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1111886",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-10T04:53:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1704862389000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1111886"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        6,
        10
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 31,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5728",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2005,
          6,
          10
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.1111886"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1111886",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        6,
        10
      ]
    ]
  }
}