DOI: 10.1126/science.1110417. Simultaneous Inhibition and Redistribution of Spontaneous Light Emission in Photonic Crystals

Simultaneous Inhibition and Redistribution of Spontaneous Light Emission in Photonic Crystals

10.1126/science.1110417

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Inhibiting spontaneous light emission and redistributing the energy into useful forms are desirable objectives for advances in various fields, including photonics, illuminations, displays, solar cells, and even quantum-information systems. We demonstrate both the “inhibition” and “redistribution” of spontaneous light emission by using two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals, in which the refractive index is changed two-dimensionally. The overall spontaneous emission rate is found to be reduced by a factor of 5 as a result of the 2D photonic bandgap effect. Simultaneously, the light energy is redistributed from the 2D plane to the direction normal to the photonic crystal.

Bibliography

Fujita, M., Takahashi, S., Tanaka, Y., Asano, T., & Noda, S. (2005). Simultaneous Inhibition and Redistribution of Spontaneous Light Emission in Photonic Crystals. Science, 308(5726), 1296â1298.

Authors 5

Masayuki Fujita (first)
Shigeki Takahashi (additional)
Yoshinori Tanaka (additional)
Takashi Asano (additional)
Susumu Noda (additional)

References 31 Referenced 421

B. E. A. Saleh M. C. Teich Fundamentals of Photonics (Wiley New York 1991). (10.1002/0471213748)
10.1109/2944.999186
K. Ziemelis, Nature399, 408 (1999). / Nature (1999)
10.1038/35104607
10.1126/science.1078446
The term “redistributing” is used here to indicate that the energy which is otherwise utilized (or distributed) for undesirable spontaneous emission is (re)distributed in more useful forms. In light-emitting diodes this energy which is otherwise distributed in spontaneous emission that cannot be extracted from a device is (re)distributed in emission that can be extracted from the device. In lasers the energy is redistributed into the lasing mode. In solar cells the energy is redistributed for use as electrical energy.
10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2059
10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2486
10.1126/science.289.5479.604
10.1038/35013024
10.1126/science.1097968
10.1038/nature02575
10.1038/nature02772
10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3294
10.1126/science.284.5421.1819
10.1109/50.803000
10.1038/35036532
10.1126/science.1061738
10.1038/nature02063
10.1063/1.1420405
R. Loudon The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford Univ. Press New York 2000). (10.1093/oso/9780198501770.001.0001)
L. A. Coldren, S. W. Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits (Wiley, New York, 1995), pp. 148-153, 518-525. / Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits (1995)
10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4688
10.1364/JOSAB.17.001438
The details of the FDTD method are presented as supporting material on Science Online.
10.1143/JJAP.43.L1400
The PBG region is identified as follows. At the edges of the PBG (the upper and lower boundaries of the PBG region) the group velocity of light approaches zero and waves propagating in different directions in the slab couple in a type of 2D cavity resonator resulting in standing-wave formation. Under sufficiently strong excitation above the population-inversion threshold a resonant peak is observed at the photonic band edge as a result of stimulated emission. In these experiments we used an excitation intensity of 10 W/cm 2 which is 20 times as high as that used in the spontaneous emission-lifetime measurement to obtain such a population inversion. In this way we detected resonant peaks corresponding to the photonic band edges over a broad wavelength range. It was possible to fit the relation between the band-edge wavelength and the photonic-crystal period using a linear function obtaining λ S = 2.28 a + 350 (nm) for the shorter wavelength band edge and λ L = 2.90 a + 357 (nm) for the longer wavelength band edge. These results are consistent with the 3D FDTD photonic band-diagram calculation.
D. O' Connor D. Phillips Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (Academic Press London 1985).
10.1063/1.98415
10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.249
This work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid (no. 15GS0209) and an IT project grant from the Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology of Japan and by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (CREST). M.F. was supported by a Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no. 15004417).

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 2 months ago (May 26, 2005, 4:44 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 11:25 p.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks, 2 days ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 9:48 a.m.)
Issued	20 years, 2 months ago (May 27, 2005)
Published	20 years, 2 months ago (May 27, 2005)
Published Print	20 years, 2 months ago (May 27, 2005)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Fujita_2005, title={Simultaneous Inhibition and Redistribution of Spontaneous Light Emission in Photonic Crystals}, volume={308}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110417}, DOI={10.1126/science.1110417}, number={5726}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Fujita, Masayuki and Takahashi, Shigeki and Tanaka, Yoshinori and Asano, Takashi and Noda, Susumu}, year={2005}, month=may, pages={1296–1298} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-06T13:48:59Z",
    "timestamp": 1754488139723
  },
  "reference-count": 31,
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "issue": "5726",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        5,
        27
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Inhibiting spontaneous light emission and redistributing the energy into useful forms are desirable objectives for advances in various fields, including photonics, illuminations, displays, solar cells, and even quantum-information systems. We demonstrate both the \u201cinhibition\u201d and \u201credistribution\u201d of spontaneous light emission by using two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals, in which the refractive index is changed two-dimensionally. The overall spontaneous emission rate is found to be reduced by a factor of 5 as a result of the 2D photonic bandgap effect. Simultaneously, the light energy is redistributed from the 2D plane to the direction normal to the photonic crystal.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1126/science.1110417",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        5,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2005-05-26T20:44:05Z",
    "timestamp": 1117140245000
  },
  "page": "1296-1298",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 421,
  "title": "Simultaneous Inhibition and Redistribution of Spontaneous Light Emission in Photonic Crystals",
  "prefix": "10.1126",
  "volume": "308",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Masayuki",
      "family": "Fujita",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Shigeki",
      "family": "Takahashi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Yoshinori",
      "family": "Tanaka",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Takashi",
      "family": "Asano",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Susumu",
      "family": "Noda",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "221",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "B. E. A. Saleh M. C. Teich Fundamentals of Photonics (Wiley New York 1991).",
      "DOI": "10.1002/0471213748"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1109/2944.999186"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_4_2",
      "first-page": "408",
      "volume": "399",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "K. Ziemelis, Nature399, 408 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35104607"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1078446"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_7_2",
      "unstructured": "The term \u201credistributing\u201d is used here to indicate that the energy which is otherwise utilized (or distributed) for undesirable spontaneous emission is (re)distributed in more useful forms. In light-emitting diodes this energy which is otherwise distributed in spontaneous emission that cannot be extracted from a device is (re)distributed in emission that can be extracted from the device. In lasers the energy is redistributed into the lasing mode. In solar cells the energy is redistributed for use as electrical energy."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2059"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2486"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.289.5479.604"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35013024"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1097968"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature02575"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature02772"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3294"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.284.5421.1819"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1109/50.803000"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35036532"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1061738"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature02063"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1420405"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "R. Loudon The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford Univ. Press New York 2000).",
      "DOI": "10.1093/oso/9780198501770.001.0001"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_23_2",
      "first-page": "148",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "L. A. Coldren, S. W. Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits (Wiley, New York, 1995), pp. 148-153, 518-525.",
      "journal-title": "Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4688"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSAB.17.001438"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_26_2",
      "unstructured": "The details of the FDTD method are presented as supporting material on Science Online."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1143/JJAP.43.L1400"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_28_2",
      "unstructured": "The PBG region is identified as follows. At the edges of the PBG (the upper and lower boundaries of the PBG region) the group velocity of light approaches zero and waves propagating in different directions in the slab couple in a type of 2D cavity resonator resulting in standing-wave formation. Under sufficiently strong excitation above the population-inversion threshold a resonant peak is observed at the photonic band edge as a result of stimulated emission. In these experiments we used an excitation intensity of 10 W/cm 2 which is 20 times as high as that used in the spontaneous emission-lifetime measurement to obtain such a population inversion. In this way we detected resonant peaks corresponding to the photonic band edges over a broad wavelength range. It was possible to fit the relation between the band-edge wavelength and the photonic-crystal period using a linear function obtaining \u03bb S = 2.28 a + 350 (nm) for the shorter wavelength band edge and \u03bb L = 2.90 a + 357 (nm) for the longer wavelength band edge. These results are consistent with the 3D FDTD photonic band-diagram calculation."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_29_2",
      "unstructured": "D. O' Connor D. Phillips Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (Academic Press London 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.98415"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.249"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_1_32_2",
      "unstructured": "This work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid (no. 15GS0209) and an IT project grant from the Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology of Japan and by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (CREST). M.F. was supported by a Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no. 15004417)."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1110417",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        1,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-01-10T04:25:23Z",
    "timestamp": 1704860723000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1110417"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        5,
        27
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 31,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5726",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2005,
          5,
          27
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1126/science.1110417"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110417",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0036-8075",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Science",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        5,
        27
      ]
    ]
  }
}