DOI: 10.1126/science.1109228. Retrograde Amnesia: Temporal Gradient in Very Long Term Memory Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

Retrograde Amnesia: Temporal Gradient in Very Long Term Memory Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

10.1126/science.1109228

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

A newly designed remote memory test has been used to assess the temporal dimension of prolonged retrograde amnesia. Patients given a course of electroconvulsive treatments for relief of depressive illness exhibited a temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia after five treatments. Memories acquired up to about 3 years before treatment were impaired, but memories acquired 4 to 17 years before treatment were not affected. The results suggest that the neural substrate of memory gradually changes with the passage of time after learning and that resistance to amnesic treatment can continue to develop for years.

Bibliography

Squire, L. R., Slater, P. C., & Chace, P. M. (1975). Retrograde Amnesia: Temporal Gradient in Very Long Term Memory Following Electroconvulsive Therapy. Science, 187(4171), 77â79.

Authors 3

Larry R. Squire (first)
Pamela C. Slater (additional)
Paul M. Chace (additional)

References 21 Referenced 240

Barbizet J. Human Memory and Its Pathology (1970).
BENSON, D.F., SHRINKING RETROGRADE AMNESIA, JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY 30: 539 (1967). (10.1136/jnnp.30.6.539) / JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (1967)
10.1037/h0045920
d'Elia, G., Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy: 21 (1974). / Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy (1974)
10.1146/annurev.ps.20.020169.000505
Fink, M., Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy: 1 (1974). / Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy (1974)
GLICKMAN, S.E., PERSEVERATIVE NEURAL PROCESSES AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE MEMORY TRACE, PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 58: 218 (1961). (10.1037/h0044212) / PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN (1961)
JANIS, I.L., J NERV MENT DIS 3: 359 (1950). / J NERV MENT DIS (1950)
JARVIK, M.E., EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TREATMENTS ON LEARNING AND MEMORY, ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY 23: 457 (1972). (10.1146/annurev.ps.23.020172.002325) / ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY (1972)
MAH, C.J., ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK-INDUCED RETROGRADE-AMNESIA - ANALYSIS OF VARIATION IN LENGTH OF AMNESIA GRADIENT, BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 9: 517 (1973). (10.1016/S0091-6773(73)80048-3) / BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY (1973)
McGaugh J. L. Memory Consolidation (1972).
McNemar, Q., Psychological Statistics: 323 (1962). / Psychological Statistics (1962)
RIBOT T DISEASES MEMORY (1882).
RUSSELL, W.R., TRAUMATIC AMNESIA, BRAIN 69: 280 (1946). (10.1093/brain/69.4.280) / BRAIN (1946)
SANDERS, H.I., MEMORY FOR REMOTE EVENTS IN AMNESIC PATIENTS, BRAIN 94: 661 (1971). (10.1093/brain/94.4.661) / BRAIN (1971)
SQUIRE, L.R., AMNESIA FOR REMOTE EVENTS FOLLOWING ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY, BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 12: 119 (1974). (10.1016/S0091-6773(74)91116-X) / BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY (1974)
Squire L. R. Short-term memory (1975).
Squire, L. R., Neuropsychologia 13: 51 (1975). (10.1016/0028-3932(75)90047-0) / Neuropsychologia (1975)
Symonds, C., Brain 89: 625 (1966). (10.1093/brain/89.4.625) / Brain (1966)
Wechsler D. The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence 4 (1958). (10.1037/11167-000)
Whitty C. W. M. Amnesia (1966).

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 11 months ago (Oct. 5, 2006, 11:11 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 11:45 p.m.)
Indexed	2 months, 1 week ago (June 26, 2025, 5:29 a.m.)
Issued	50 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 1975)
Published	50 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 1975)
Published Print	50 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 10, 1975)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Squire_1975, title={Retrograde Amnesia: Temporal Gradient in Very Long Term Memory Following Electroconvulsive Therapy}, volume={187}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1109228}, DOI={10.1126/science.1109228}, number={4171}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Squire, Larry R. and Slater, Pamela C. and Chace, Paul M.}, year={1975}, month=jan, pages={77–79} }

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