DOI: 10.1126/science.1092779. Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon

10.1126/science.1092779

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

Heavy smoke from forest fires in the Amazon was observed to reduce cloud droplet size and so delay the onset of precipitation from 1.5 kilometers above cloud base in pristine clouds to more than 5 kilometers in polluted clouds and more than 7 kilometers in pyro-clouds. Suppression of low-level rainout and aerosol washout allows transport of water and smoke to upper levels, where the clouds appear “smoking” as they detrain much of the pollution. Elevating the onset of precipitation allows invigoration of the updrafts, causing intense thunderstorms, large hail, and greater likelihood for overshooting cloud tops into the stratosphere. There, detrained pollutants and water vapor would have profound radiative impacts on the climate system. The invigorated storms release the latent heat higher in the atmosphere. This should substantially affect the regional and global circulation systems. Together, these processes affect the water cycle, the pollution burden of the atmosphere, and the dynamics of atmospheric circulation.

Bibliography

Andreae, M. O., Rosenfeld, D., Artaxo, P., Costa, A. A., Frank, G. P., Longo, K. M., & Silva-Dias, M. A. F. (2004). Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon. Science, 303(5662), 1337â1342.

Authors 7

M. O. Andreae (first)
D. Rosenfeld (additional)
P. Artaxo (additional)
A. A. Costa (additional)
G. P. Frank (additional)
K. M. Longo (additional)
M. A. F. Silva-Dias (additional)

References 39 Referenced 1,196

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We thank all members of the LBA-SMOCC–Cooperative LBA Airborne Experiment 2002 and LBA–Radiation Cloud and Climate Interactions science teams for their support during the field campaign especially J. von Jouanne M. Welling P. Guyon G. Nishioka T. Germano and the pilots of the Universidad Estadual do Ceará (UECE) and Instituto Nacional do Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) aircraft. We thank E. Freud for help with the scientific processing of the cloud physics aircraft data M. Lawrence for providing results from the MATCH model and E. Williams for stimulating discussions about the manuscript. This project was funded by the European Commission (Project SMOCC) the Max Planck Society the Fundação de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (Instituto do Milênio LBA).

Dates

Type	When
Created	21 years, 5 months ago (Feb. 26, 2004, 5:14 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 10:12 p.m.)
Indexed	18 hours, 48 minutes ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 1 a.m.)
Issued	21 years, 5 months ago (Feb. 27, 2004)
Published	21 years, 5 months ago (Feb. 27, 2004)
Published Print	21 years, 5 months ago (Feb. 27, 2004)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Andreae_2004, title={Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon}, volume={303}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1092779}, DOI={10.1126/science.1092779}, number={5662}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Andreae, M. O. and Rosenfeld, D. and Artaxo, P. and Costa, A. A. and Frank, G. P. and Longo, K. M. and Silva-Dias, M. A. F.}, year={2004}, month=feb, pages={1337–1342} }

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      "unstructured": "We thank all members of the LBA-SMOCC\u2013Cooperative LBA Airborne Experiment 2002 and LBA\u2013Radiation Cloud and Climate Interactions science teams for their support during the field campaign especially J. von Jouanne M. Welling P. Guyon G. Nishioka T. Germano and the pilots of the Universidad Estadual do Cear\u00e1 (UECE) and Instituto Nacional do Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) aircraft. We thank E. Freud for help with the scientific processing of the cloud physics aircraft data M. Lawrence for providing results from the MATCH model and E. Williams for stimulating discussions about the manuscript. This project was funded by the European Commission (Project SMOCC) the Max Planck Society the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico (Instituto do Mil\u00eanio LBA)."
    }
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