DOI: 10.1126/science.1092740. Virus-Based Toolkit for the Directed Synthesis of Magnetic and Semiconducting Nanowires

Virus-Based Toolkit for the Directed Synthesis of Magnetic and Semiconducting Nanowires

10.1126/science.1092740

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

We report a virus-based scaffold for the synthesis of single-crystal ZnS, CdS, and freestanding chemically ordered CoPt and FePt nanowires, with the means of modifying substrate specificity through standard biological methods. Peptides (selected through an evolutionary screening process) that exhibit control of composition, size, and phase during nanoparticle nucleation have been expressed on the highly ordered filamentous capsid of the M13 bacteriophage. The incorporation of specific, nucleating peptides into the generic scaffold of the M13 coat structure provides a viable template for the directed synthesis of semiconducting and magnetic materials. Removal of the viral template by means of annealing promoted oriented aggregation-based crystal growth, forming individual crystalline nanowires. The unique ability to interchange substrate-specific peptides into the linear self-assembled filamentous construct of the M13 virus introduces a material tunability that has not been seen in previous synthetic routes. Therefore, this system provides a genetic toolkit for growing and organizing nanowires from semiconducting and magnetic materials.

Bibliography

Mao, C., Solis, D. J., Reiss, B. D., Kottmann, S. T., Sweeney, R. Y., Hayhurst, A., Georgiou, G., Iverson, B., & Belcher, A. M. (2004). Virus-Based Toolkit for the Directed Synthesis of Magnetic and Semiconducting Nanowires. Science, 303(5655), 213â217.

Authors 9

Chuanbin Mao (first)
Daniel J. Solis (additional)
Brian D. Reiss (additional)
Stephen T. Kottmann (additional)
Rozamond Y. Sweeney (additional)
Andrew Hayhurst (additional)
George Georgiou (additional)
Brent Iverson (additional)
Angela M. Belcher (additional)

References 41 Referenced 891

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Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A Ala; C Cys; D Asp; E Glu; F Phe; G Gly; H His; I Ile; K Lys; L Leu; M Met; N Asn; P Pro; Q Gln; R Arg; S Ser; T Thr; V Val; W Trp; and Y Tyr.
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TEM samples were analyzed with the JEOL 2010 and 2010–Field Emission Gun (FEG) microscopes. HAADF analysis of the ZnS and CdS samples was performed on the JEOL 2010-FEG. Gantan Digital Micrograph is used to subtract the background of the HRTEM lattice images. Thermal analysis of the CoPt system was performed in situ on the JEOL 200CX microscope operated at 200 kV with a Gatan heat stage.
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CoPt wires were synthesized by the interaction of 1 ml of CoPt-specific viruses (10 12 phage/ml) with 0.5 mM CoCl 2 and 0.5 mM H 2 PtCl 6 in a 1:1 ratio. In the case of FePt 1 ml of phage (10 12 phage/ml) was mixed with 0.01 mM FeCl 2 and 0.01 mM H 2 PtCl 6 . These mixtures were vortexed for 10 min to ensure mixing and 0.1 M NaBH 4 was added to reduce the metals forming the desired nanoparticles. The CoPt and FePt systems were applied directly to SiO TEM grids and annealed under forming gas (5% H 2 ) to prevent the onset of oxidation for 3 hours at 350°C.
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The virus assembly was reconstructed from the gP8 protein structure obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (number 1ifj) by application of the appropriate translation vectors. A random number generator was used to realistically incorporate peptide inserts in the gP8 assembly at a given incorporation percentage. The peptide inserts were modeled in the capsid environment with Monte Carlo software MCPRO ( 39 ) with solvent effects accounted for by the Poisson-Boltzmann toolkit ZAP ( 40 ).
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We thank C. Flynn for valuable discussion. We acknowledge the use of core microscope facilities in the Texas Materials Institute at UT and the Center for Materials Science and Engineering at MIT. Supported by NSF through the Nanotechnology and Interdisciplinary Research Initiative the Army Research Office and the Air Force Scientific Research Office.

Dates

Type	When
Created	21 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2004, 1:57 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 10:31 p.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks, 6 days ago (Aug. 5, 2025, 8:47 a.m.)
Issued	21 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2004)
Published	21 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2004)
Published Print	21 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2004)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Mao_2004, title={Virus-Based Toolkit for the Directed Synthesis of Magnetic and Semiconducting Nanowires}, volume={303}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1092740}, DOI={10.1126/science.1092740}, number={5655}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Mao, Chuanbin and Solis, Daniel J. and Reiss, Brian D. and Kottmann, Stephen T. and Sweeney, Rozamond Y. and Hayhurst, Andrew and Georgiou, George and Iverson, Brent and Belcher, Angela M.}, year={2004}, month=jan, pages={213–217} }

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      "unstructured": "CoPt wires were synthesized by the interaction of 1 ml of CoPt-specific viruses (10 12 phage/ml) with 0.5 mM CoCl 2 and 0.5 mM H 2 PtCl 6 in a 1:1 ratio. In the case of FePt 1 ml of phage (10 12 phage/ml) was mixed with 0.01 mM FeCl 2 and 0.01 mM H 2 PtCl 6 . These mixtures were vortexed for 10 min to ensure mixing and 0.1 M NaBH 4 was added to reduce the metals forming the desired nanoparticles. The CoPt and FePt systems were applied directly to SiO TEM grids and annealed under forming gas (5% H 2 ) to prevent the onset of oxidation for 3 hours at 350\u00b0C."
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      "unstructured": "We thank C. Flynn for valuable discussion. We acknowledge the use of core microscope facilities in the Texas Materials Institute at UT and the Center for Materials Science and Engineering at MIT. Supported by NSF through the Nanotechnology and Interdisciplinary Research Initiative the Army Research Office and the Air Force Scientific Research Office."
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