DOI: 10.1126/science.1080880. Gigahertz Electron Spin Manipulation Using Voltage-Controlled g-Tensor Modulation

Gigahertz Electron Spin Manipulation Using Voltage-Controlled g-Tensor Modulation

10.1126/science.1080880

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

We present a scheme that enables gigahertz-bandwidth three-dimensional control of electron spins in a semiconductor heterostructure with the use of a single voltage signal. Microwave modulation of the Landé g tensor produces frequency-modulated electron spin precession. Driving at the Larmor frequency results in g-tensor modulation resonance, which is functionally equivalent to electron spin resonance but without the use of time-dependent magnetic fields. These results provide proof of the concept that quantum spin information can be locally manipulated with the use of high-speed electrical circuits.

Bibliography

Kato, Y., Myers, R. C., Driscoll, D. C., Gossard, A. C., Levy, J., & Awschalom, D. D. (2003). Gigahertz Electron Spin Manipulation Using Voltage-Controlled g-Tensor Modulation. Science, 299(5610), 1201â1204.

Authors 6

Y. Kato (first)
R. C. Myers (additional)
D. C. Driscoll (additional)
A. C. Gossard (additional)
J. Levy (additional)
D. D. Awschalom (additional)

References 25 Referenced 248

10.1126/science.1065389
D. D. Awschalom N. Samarth D. Loss Eds. Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation (Springer-Verlag Berlin Germany 2002). (10.1007/978-3-662-05003-3)
10.1103/PhysRevA.57.120
10.1038/30181
10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00315-7
10.1038/30156
10.1038/414619a
Ivchenko E. L., Kiselev A. A., Sov. Phys. Semicond. 26, 827 (1992). / Sov. Phys. Semicond. by Ivchenko E. L. (1992)
10.1103/PhysRevB.64.195304
10.1103/PhysRevB.29.3740
10.1109/JQE.1986.1073165
10.1063/1.113387
The laser is tuned slightly above the absorption edge of the PQW in order to minimize artifacts due to voltage dependence on the amplitudes of Kerr and Faraday rotation signals.
10.1103/PhysRevB.56.7574
10.1063/1.1149978
Electric field in the growth direction lowers the symmetry of the PQW to the point group C 2v in the molecular notation breaking the degeneracy of g tensor in the plane of the quantum well. We assumed that this anisotropy is small and negligible for ease of analysis.
We minimized the nuclear polarization by making the g-TMR resonance positions at positive and negative fields symmetric. This does not eliminate nuclear polarization due to Zeeman splitting of electron spins but we estimate the nuclear field to be less than 100 mT at 4 T.
10.1103/PhysRev.70.460
Because T 2 « T 1 the transverse component decays more rapidly than the longitudinal component. In the presence of microwave voltage this results in a steady-state direction of spin vector that is tipped away from Ω 0 at and near resonance. The tipping angle we refer to is the angle between this steady-state direction and Ω 0 . We also note that the simulation curve in Fig. 3B has been scaled up by a factor of ∼200.
The signal was averaged from φ = 0 to 2π rad to reduce artifacts [see (13)] and this makes the line shape closer to a Lorentzian.
For small modulations of Ω the strength of g-TMR should be proportional to Ω ⊥ 2 . Assuming an isotropic change in g tensor Ω ⊥ 2 ∝ ￨ Ω 1 × Ω 0 ￨ 2 ∝ ￨B 0 × Ω 0 ￨ 2 ∝ sin 2 α – sin 4 α.
Assuming a circular pattern of the induced magnetic field in the xy plane the y component is always transverse but the x component is directed toward the longitudinal direction as α → 90°. As a result the power of the transverse field should go as 1 + cos 2 α.
10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.117901
R. R. Ernst Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in One and Two Dimensions (Oxford Univ. Press New York 1983).
We acknowledge support from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 20, 2003, 6:34 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 11:25 p.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks, 5 days ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 8:16 a.m.)
Issued	22 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 21, 2003)
Published	22 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 21, 2003)
Published Print	22 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 21, 2003)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kato_2003, title={Gigahertz Electron Spin Manipulation Using Voltage-Controlled g-Tensor Modulation}, volume={299}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1080880}, DOI={10.1126/science.1080880}, number={5610}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Kato, Y. and Myers, R. C. and Driscoll, D. C. and Gossard, A. C. and Levy, J. and Awschalom, D. D.}, year={2003}, month=feb, pages={1201–1204} }

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