DOI: 10.1126/science.1072651. Use of Ionic Liquids for π-Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Devices

Use of Ionic Liquids for π-Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Devices

10.1126/science.1072651

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

π-Conjugated polymers that are electrochemically cycled in ionic liquids have enhanced lifetimes without failure (up to 1 million cycles) and fast cycle switching speeds (100 ms). We report results for electrochemical mechanical actuators, electrochromic windows, and numeric displays made from three types of π -conjugated polymers: polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. Experiments were performed under ambient conditions, yet the polymers showed negligible loss in electroactivity. These performance advantages were obtained by using environmentally stable, room-temperature ionic liquids composed of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium cations together with anions such as tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate.

Bibliography

Lu, W., Fadeev, A. G., Qi, B., Smela, E., Mattes, B. R., Ding, J., Spinks, G. M., Mazurkiewicz, J., Zhou, D., Wallace, G. G., MacFarlane, D. R., Forsyth, S. A., & Forsyth, M. (2002). Use of Ionic Liquids for Ï-Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Devices. Science, 297(5583), 983â987.

Authors 13

Wen Lu (first)
Andrei G. Fadeev (additional)
Baohua Qi (additional)
Elisabeth Smela (additional)
Benjamin R. Mattes (additional)
Jie Ding (additional)
Geoffrey M. Spinks (additional)
Jakub Mazurkiewicz (additional)
Dezhi Zhou (additional)
Gordon G. Wallace (additional)
Douglas R. MacFarlane (additional)
Stewart A. Forsyth (additional)
Maria Forsyth (additional)

References 41 Referenced 1,082

T. A. Skotheim R. L. Elsenbaumer J. R. Reynolds Eds. Handbook of Conducting Polymers (Dekker New York 1998).
W. Lu B. R. Mattes A. G. Fadeev U.S. and PCT Patent Applications filed on 21 December 2001.
10.1016/0379-6779(94)03252-2
10.1126/science.268.5218.1735
10.1016/0379-6779(96)80158-5
10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80301-3
10.1016/S0379-6779(97)81256-8
10.1016/0167-2738(93)90291-A
10.1016/0379-6779(95)80022-0
L. Bay T. Jacobsen S. Skaarup K. West J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (36) 8492 (2001). (10.1021/jp003872w)
T. Kobayashi H. Yoneyama H. Tamura J. Electroanal. Chem. 161 (1984). (10.1016/S0022-0728(84)80201-6)
10.1016/0022-0728(86)90051-3
10.1016/0379-6779(93)90886-2
A. Mazzoldi C. Degl'Innocenti
Michelucci M., De Rossi D., Mater. Sci. Eng. C6, 65 (1998). (10.1016/S0928-4931(98)00036-8) / Mater. Sci. Eng. by Michelucci M. (1998)
W. Lu B. R. Mattes in preparation
Lewis T. W., Spinks G. M., Wallace G. G., De Rossi D., Pachetti M., Polym. Prep. 38, 520 (1997). / Polym. Prep. by Lewis T. W. (1997)
P. Walden Bull. Acad. Imper. Sci. (St. Petersburg) 1800 (1914).
10.1021/cen-v078n020.p037
10.1002/1521-4095(200107)13:12/13<957::AID-ADMA957>3.0.CO;2-#
C. Tiyapiboonchaiya D. R. MacFarlane J. Sun M. Forsyth Macromol. Chem. Phys. in press.
10.1149/1.2044332
10.1039/c39920000965
10.1149/1.2055041
10.1021/ic951325x
10.1149/1.1837171
10.1016/0379-6779(91)91842-X
10.1016/0379-6779(91)91818-U
Materials and methods are available as supporting material at Science Online.
10.1098/rspa.1997.0117
10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00195-8
An asymmetric square wave pulse (40 s for oxidation and 30 s for reduction) allows the fiber to achieve steady states of actuation and balanced motion in the experiment.
10.1016/S0302-4598(96)05112-4
10.1149/1.2221238
10.1016/0022-0728(93)80232-7
It has come to our attention since acceptance of this paper that cycling [BMIM][PF 6 ] at potentials beyond its electrochemical window may lead to decomposition products that form an explosive mix. Caution from the authors is thus advised in selecting appropriate potential limits.
10.1002/1616-3028(20020201)12:2<95::AID-ADFM95>3.0.CO;2-N
10.1002/1521-4095(200110)13:19<1455::AID-ADMA1455>3.0.CO;2-7
10.1021/cm9801237
10.1038/35054655
The polyaniline fiber actuator and the electrochromic devices in [BMIM][BF 4 ] material are based on work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office for which the Santa Fe authors are thankful. The Australian Research Council and Quantum Technology of Sydney supported the polypyrrole tube in [BMIM][PF 6 ] actuator work for which the Wollongong and Monash University contributors are grateful.

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2002, 3:34 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 9:52 p.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 20 hours ago (Aug. 30, 2025, 12:55 p.m.)
Issued	23 years ago (Aug. 9, 2002)
Published	23 years ago (Aug. 9, 2002)
Published Print	23 years ago (Aug. 9, 2002)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Lu_2002, title={Use of Ionic Liquids for π-Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Devices}, volume={297}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1072651}, DOI={10.1126/science.1072651}, number={5583}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Lu, Wen and Fadeev, Andrei G. and Qi, Baohua and Smela, Elisabeth and Mattes, Benjamin R. and Ding, Jie and Spinks, Geoffrey M. and Mazurkiewicz, Jakub and Zhou, Dezhi and Wallace, Gordon G. and MacFarlane, Douglas R. and Forsyth, Stewart A. and Forsyth, Maria}, year={2002}, month=aug, pages={983–987} }

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