DOI: 10.1126/science.1070050. External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers

External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers

10.1126/science.1070050

Crossref journal-article

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Science (221)

Abstract

We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subsequent drawing and optical characterization of extended lengths of omnidirectional dielectric mirror fibers with submicrometer layer thickness. A pair of glassy materials with substantially different indices of refraction, but with similar thermomechanical properties, was used to construct 21 layers of alternating refractive index surrounding a tough polymer core. Large directional photonic band gaps and high reflection efficiencies comparable to those of the best metallic reflectors were obtained. Potential applications of these fibers include woven fabrics for radiation barriers, spectral authentication of cloth, and filters for telecommunications.

Bibliography

Hart, S. D., Maskaly, G. R., Temelkuran, B., Prideaux, P. H., Joannopoulos, J. D., & Fink, Y. (2002). External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers. Science, 296(5567), 510â513.

Authors 6

Shandon D. Hart (first)
Garry R. Maskaly (additional)
Burak Temelkuran (additional)
Peter H. Prideaux (additional)
John D. Joannopoulos (additional)
Yoel Fink (additional)

References 29 Referenced 268

Yeh P., Yariv A., Marom E., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 1196 (1978). (10.1364/JOSA.68.001196) / J. Opt. Soc. Am. by Yeh P. (1978)
Dai J. W., Harrington J. A., Appl. Opt. 36, 5072 (1997). (10.1364/AO.36.005072) / Appl. Opt. by Dai J. W. (1997)
Fink Y., et al., J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2039 (1999). (10.1109/50.802992) / J. Lightwave Technol. by Fink Y. (1999)
We are also pursuing the application of the types of materials and methods described here to the fabrication of hollow fibers having multiple dielectric layers surrounding a hollow core for the purpose of light guidance.
10.1126/science.282.5394.1679
Winn J. N., Fink Y., Fan S., Joannopoulos J. D., Opt. Lett. 23, 1573 (1998). (10.1364/OL.23.001573) / Opt. Lett. by Winn J. N. (1998)
Yeh P., Yariv A., Hong C., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 423 (1977). (10.1364/JOSA.67.000423) / J. Opt. Soc. Am. by Yeh P. (1977)
Temelkuran B., Thomas E. L., Joannopoulos J. D., Fink Y., Opt. Lett. 26, 1370 (2001). (10.1364/OL.26.001370) / Opt. Lett. by Temelkuran B. (2001)
Mahlein H. F., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 647 (1974). (10.1364/JOSA.64.000647) / J. Opt. Soc. Am. by Mahlein H. F. (1974)
Baumeister P., Opt. Acta 8, 105 (1961). (10.1080/713826378) / Opt. Acta by Baumeister P. (1961)
10.1126/science.287.5462.2451
10.1126/science.285.5433.1537
J. D. Joannopoulos R. Meade J. N. Winn Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton Univ. Press Princeton NJ 1995).
A. K. Varshneya Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses (Academic Press San Diego CA 1994). (10.1016/B978-0-08-057150-8.50025-2)
D. W. Van Krevelen Properties of Polymers (Elsevier Scientific New York ed. 3 1990).
Kucuk A., Clare A. G., Jones L., Glass Technol. 40, 149 (1999). / Glass Technol. by Kucuk A. (1999)
Z. U. Borisova Glassy Semiconductors (Plenum New York 1981). (10.1007/978-1-4757-0851-6)
Varshneya A. K., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 273, 1 (2000). (10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00138-1) / J. Non-Cryst. Solids by Varshneya A. K. (2000)
Seddon A. B., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 184, 44 (1995). (10.1016/0022-3093(94)00686-5) / J. Non-Cryst. Solids by Seddon A. B. (1995)
King W. A., Clare A. G., LaCourse W. C., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 231 (1995). (10.1016/S0022-3093(94)00512-5) / J. Non-Cryst. Solids by King W. A. (1995)
Hilton A. R., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2, 28 (1970). (10.1016/0022-3093(70)90118-3) / J. Non-Cryst. Solids by Hilton A. R. (1970)
M. Bass Ed. Handbook of Optics (McGraw-Hill New York 1995).
J. E. Mark Ed. Polymer Data Handbook (Oxford Univ. Press New York 1999).
C. Sarantos unpublished data.
PES films were purchased from the Goodfellow Corporation and As 2 Se 3 (99.999% pure metals basis) was purchased from Alfa Aesar/Strem Chemicals. A 2-cm-OD PES rod was made from a PES film of 50 ± 5 μm that was rolled by hand onto a 7-mm hollow borosilicate glass tube and consolidated through heat treatment at 261° to 263°C under vacuum for ∼25 min. As 2 Se 3 films were deposited by thermal evaporation with a vacuum evaporator (Ladd Industries) on a separate PES film. In situ layer thickness monitoring was carried out with a crystal thickness monitor (Sycon STM100) that was calibrated with a surface profilometer (Tencor P10). An As 2 Se 3 film of 6.5 ± 0.4 μm was evaporated at a rate of ∼10 nm/s on each side of a thin PES film of 25 ± 2 μm. This As 2 Se 3 -coated film was then rolled onto the outside of the previously fabricated PES tube and consolidated with a similar vacuum thermal treatment. The hollow Pyrex tube at the core of the PES/As 2 Se 3 structure was then etched out with hydrofluoric acid.
The preform was lowered at a controlled rate into a three-zone vertical tube furnace (Thermcraft) and pulled from below at controlled speeds with a motorized capstan (Heathway). Fiber diameters were monitored with laser diameter monitors (Beta LaserMike). Fibers were drawn at a central-zone maximum temperature of 295°C at speeds ranging from approximately 1 to 10 m/min depending on target fiber diameter. The upper zone of the furnace was heated to 240°C and the lower zone was unheated but drifted to a temperature of ∼150°C.
The applicability of the indicated angular range of detection was corroborated by personal communication with M. Friedman of SpectraTech.
J. A. Kong Electromagnetic Wave Theory (EMW Publishing Cambridge MA 2000) pp. 370–406.
We thank H. Burch for guidance and inspiration; C. H. Sarantos K. R. Maskaly E. P. Chan and M. Frongillo for valuable assistance; and J. Harrington A. R. Hilton and E. L. Thomas for support and direction. We also thank K. Hersey B. Smith and the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics for their support. G.R.M. thanks the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation for its support. This work was supported under the following awards: Army Research Office/Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency award DAAD19-01-1-0647; NSF award ECS 0123460; and U.S. Department of Energy award DE-FG02-99ER45778. This work was also supported in part by the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) program of NSF award DMR 98-08941 and made use of MRSEC shared facilities supported by NSF under award DMR-9400334. This material is also based on work supported in part under an NSF graduate research fellowship. Special thanks are also given to U. Kolodny and OmniGuide Communications Inc.

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 27, 2002, 5:54 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 9, 2024, 10:37 p.m.)
Indexed	4 hours, 25 minutes ago (Aug. 31, 2025, 6:36 a.m.)
Issued	23 years, 4 months ago (April 19, 2002)
Published	23 years, 4 months ago (April 19, 2002)
Published Print	23 years, 4 months ago (April 19, 2002)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Hart_2002, title={External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers}, volume={296}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1070050}, DOI={10.1126/science.1070050}, number={5567}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Hart, Shandon D. and Maskaly, Garry R. and Temelkuran, Burak and Prideaux, Peter H. and Joannopoulos, John D. and Fink, Yoel}, year={2002}, month=apr, pages={510–513} }

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      "unstructured": "PES films were purchased from the Goodfellow Corporation and As 2 Se 3 (99.999% pure metals basis) was purchased from Alfa Aesar/Strem Chemicals. A 2-cm-OD PES rod was made from a PES film of 50 \u00b1 5 \u03bcm that was rolled by hand onto a 7-mm hollow borosilicate glass tube and consolidated through heat treatment at 261\u00b0 to 263\u00b0C under vacuum for \u223c25 min. As 2 Se 3 films were deposited by thermal evaporation with a vacuum evaporator (Ladd Industries) on a separate PES film. In situ layer thickness monitoring was carried out with a crystal thickness monitor (Sycon STM100) that was calibrated with a surface profilometer (Tencor P10). An As 2 Se 3 film of 6.5 \u00b1 0.4 \u03bcm was evaporated at a rate of \u223c10 nm/s on each side of a thin PES film of 25 \u00b1 2 \u03bcm. This As 2 Se 3 -coated film was then rolled onto the outside of the previously fabricated PES tube and consolidated with a similar vacuum thermal treatment. The hollow Pyrex tube at the core of the PES/As 2 Se 3 structure was then etched out with hydrofluoric acid."
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      "unstructured": "We thank H. Burch for guidance and inspiration; C. H. Sarantos K. R. Maskaly E. P. Chan and M. Frongillo for valuable assistance; and J. Harrington A. R. Hilton and E. L. Thomas for support and direction. We also thank K. Hersey B. Smith and the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics for their support. G.R.M. thanks the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation for its support. This work was supported under the following awards: Army Research Office/Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency award DAAD19-01-1-0647; NSF award ECS 0123460; and U.S. Department of Energy award DE-FG02-99ER45778. This work was also supported in part by the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) program of NSF award DMR 98-08941 and made use of MRSEC shared facilities supported by NSF under award DMR-9400334. This material is also based on work supported in part under an NSF graduate research fellowship. Special thanks are also given to U. Kolodny and OmniGuide Communications Inc."
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