DOI: 10.1116/1.570314. Emission characteristics of gallium and bismuth liquid metal field ion sources

Emission characteristics of gallium and bismuth liquid metal field ion sources

10.1116/1.570314

Crossref journal-article

American Vacuum Society

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology (20)

Abstract

Emission characteristics such as energy distribution, angular intensity distribution, noise current, and temperature effects have been measured and compared for liquid bismuth and liquid gallium ion sources. The full width half maximum (FWHM) at low currents (IT?1 μA) was ?4.5 eV for gallium at ?300 K and ?9 eV for bismuth at ∠600 K. For both gallium and bismuth the FWHM increased monotonically with current. Gallium beam angular intensity at IT?1 μA was 15 μA/sr increasing to ?65 μA/sr at 30 μA emission current while for bismuth the angular intensity increased from ? 12 μA/sr to ?35 μA/sr as the emission current increased from 1 μA to ∠30 μA. A large increase in beam angular divergence was observed as IT was increased over the range 1–30 μA for bismuth. An unusually low noise current almost entirely accounted for by shot noise was exhibited by both the bismuth and the gallium ion sources. These results point towards a strongly space charge limited emission process.

Bibliography

Swanson, L. W., Schwind, G. A., Bell, A. E., & Brady, J. E. (1979). Emission characteristics of gallium and bismuth liquid metal field ion sources. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 16(6), 1864â1867.

Authors 4

L. W. Swanson (first)
G. A. Schwind (additional)
A. E. Bell (additional)
J. E. Brady (additional)

References 0 Referenced 110

None

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years ago (July 27, 2002, 5:29 a.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 1 month ago (June 23, 2023, 6:15 p.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 18 hours ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 1:10 p.m.)
Issued	45 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 1979)
Published	45 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 1979)
Published Print	45 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 1979)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Swanson_1979, title={Emission characteristics of gallium and bismuth liquid metal field ion sources}, volume={16}, ISSN={0022-5355}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.570314}, DOI={10.1116/1.570314}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology}, publisher={American Vacuum Society}, author={Swanson, L. W. and Schwind, G. A. and Bell, A. E. and Brady, J. E.}, year={1979}, month=nov, pages={1864–1867} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:p>Emission characteristics such as energy distribution, angular intensity distribution, noise current, and temperature effects have been measured and compared for liquid bismuth and liquid gallium ion sources. The full width half maximum (FWHM) at low currents (IT?1 \u03bcA) was ?4.5 eV for gallium at ?300 K and ?9 eV for bismuth at \u2220600 K. For both gallium and bismuth the FWHM increased monotonically with current. Gallium beam angular intensity at IT?1 \u03bcA was 15 \u03bcA/sr increasing to ?65 \u03bcA/sr at 30 \u03bcA emission current while for bismuth the angular intensity increased from ? 12 \u03bcA/sr to ?35 \u03bcA/sr as the emission current increased from 1 \u03bcA to \u222030 \u03bcA. A large increase in beam angular divergence was observed as IT was increased over the range 1\u201330 \u03bcA for bismuth. An unusually low noise current almost entirely accounted for by shot noise was exhibited by both the bismuth and the gallium ion sources. These results point towards a strongly space charge limited emission process.</jats:p>",
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