DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10654.x. Apolipoprotein E Status is Associated with Odor Identification Deficits in Nondemented Older Persons<sup>a</sup>

Apolipoprotein E Status is Associated with Odor Identification Deficits in Nondemented Older Personsa

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10654.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (311)

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with moderate dementia show losses in olfactory threshold, odor identification and odor memory. Sensitivity and specificity of olfactory testing is significant, with the greatest power of accurate diagnosis in the more cognitively loaded olfactory tasks. In patients with very mild AD or in patients at risk for the disease because of their mild cognitive impairment, losses are apparent for odor identification, odor recognition memory and odor threshold, with the best sensitivity in the identification task. Persons who are either heterozygous or homozygous for the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, although they show no dementia in the preclinical period. Evidence of olfactory dysfunction in this population might be reflective of an incipient dementing process. We have recently examined olfactory function in a group of normal elderly persons who have undergone genetic testing for the Apoe4 allele. These individuals consisted of all normal control subjects at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) who had undergone both the genetic testing and testing for olfactory function. All had been diagnosed as normal control participants by two different neurologists who applied the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINDS‐ADRDA) criteria for dementia. Persons with a history of alcoholism, drug abuse, learning disability or neurologic or psychiatric illness (including depression) were excluded. In this population, persons with the Apoe4 allele showed significantly poorer odor identification than those without an ɛ4 allele. Early appearance of olfactory deficits in the progression to AD in persons with the ɛ4 allele suggests diagnostic utility in olfactory testing.

Bibliography

MURPHY, C., BACON, A. W., BONDI, M. W., & SALMON, D. P. (1998). Apolipoprotein E Status is Associated with Odor Identification Deficits in Nondemented Older Personsa. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 855(1), 744â750. Portico.

Authors 4

CLAIRE MURPHY (first)
ANNA W. BACON (additional)
MARK W. BONDI (additional)
DAVID P. SALMON (additional)

References 30 Referenced 89

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{'key': 'e_1_2_6_7_2', 'first-page': '192', 'article-title': "Olfactory dysfunction and odor memory in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and normal aging", 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Murphy C.', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'Neurosci. Abstr.'} / Neurosci. Abstr. / Olfactory dysfunction and odor memory in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and normal aging by Murphy C. (1987)
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{'key': 'e_1_2_6_20_2', 'first-page': '268', 'article-title': 'Role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining normal plasma lipid and lipoprotein variation', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'Sing C. F.', 'year': '1985', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Hum. Genet.'} / Am. J. Hum. Genet. / Role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining normal plasma lipid and lipoprotein variation by Sing C. F. (1985)
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Mattis S. 1988. Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). Psychological Assessment Resources. Odessa FL.
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_27_2', 'first-page': '590', 'article-title': 'Odorant identification testing in the young child', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Anderson J.', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Chem. Senses'} / Chem. Senses / Odorant identification testing in the young child by Anderson J. (1992)
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_28_2', 'first-page': '595', 'article-title': "Olfactory impairment in children detected by the children's odor identification test", 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Markison S.', 'year': '1993', 'journal-title': 'Chem. Senses'} / Chem. Senses / Olfactory impairment in children detected by the children's odor identification test by Markison S. (1993)
Hyman B. T. & D. M. A. Mann. 1991. Neurofibrillary pathology in Down's syndrome individuals of various ages.InAlzheimer's disease: Basic mechanisms diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. K. Iqbal D. R. C. McLachlan B. Winbald & H. M. Wisniewski Eds.: 105‐113). Wiley. New York.
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_30_2', 'first-page': '1461', 'article-title': "Mapping of tangles and Alz‐50 immunoreactive cells in aged human brains with and without Alzheimer's dementia", 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Price J. L.', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.'} / Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. / Mapping of tangles and Alz‐50 immunoreactive cells in aged human brains with and without Alzheimer's dementia by Price J. L. (1987)
Bacon A. W. M. W. Bondi D. P. Salmon & C. Murphy. Very early changes in olfactory functioning due to Alzheimer's disease and the role of Apolipoprotein E in olfaction. This volume.

Dates

Type	When
Created	19 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 7, 2006, 4:34 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 25, 2023, 5:41 a.m.)
Indexed	11 hours, 31 minutes ago (Sept. 2, 2025, 6:38 a.m.)
Issued	26 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1998)
Published	26 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1998)
Published Online	19 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 7, 2006)
Published Print	26 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1998)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{MURPHY_1998, title={Apolipoprotein E Status is Associated with Odor Identification Deficits in Nondemented Older Personsa}, volume={855}, ISSN={1749-6632}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10654.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10654.x}, number={1}, journal={Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Wiley}, author={MURPHY, CLAIRE and BACON, ANNA W. and BONDI, MARK W. and SALMON, DAVID P.}, year={1998}, month=nov, pages={744–750} }

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