DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09050.x. Enhancement and Resetting of Locomotor Activity by Muscle Afferents<sup>a</sup>

Enhancement and Resetting of Locomotor Activity by Muscle Afferentsa

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09050.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (311)

Abstract

Abstract:The generation of the normal motor pattern for walking in mammals requires feedback from muscle proprioceptors. Two characteristics of the motor pattern particularly dependent on proprioceptive signals are (1) the magnitude of activity in knee and ankle extensor muscles and (2) the duration of extensor bursts during stance. Sensory regulation of these characteristics ensures that the level of activity in extensor muscles during stance is appropriate for the load carried by the leg and that the swing phase is not initiated when a leg is loaded. Many different groups of afferents from flexor and extensor muscles can influence the locomotor pattern. Most attention has focused on the action of group I afferents from ankle extensors. Electrical stimulation of these afferents during extension increases the duration and the magnitude of extensor activity. The prolongation of extensor activity depends in part on excitation of the extensor half‐center by group Ib afferents from Golgi tendon organs. The enhancement of the magnitude of extensor bursts is produced primarily via disynaptic and polysynaptic pathways opened only during locomotion. The involvement of the proprioceptive signals in the generation of locomotor activity means that the gains in reflex pathways must be constantly calibrated according to the biomechanical properties of the locomotor system. Alteration of these properties by weakening ankle extensor muscles has recently been found to produce compensatory changes in proprioceptive influences on the locomotor pattern.

Bibliography

PEARSON, K. G., MISIASZEK, J. E., & FOUAD, K. (1998). Enhancement and Resetting of Locomotor Activity by Muscle Afferentsa. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 860(1), 203â215. Portico.

Authors 3

K. G. PEARSON (first)
J. E. MISIASZEK (additional)
K. FOUAD (additional)

References 36 Referenced 117

10.1016/0959-4388(95)80107-3
Rossignol S. 1996. Control of sterotypic limb movements. Handbook of Physiology Section 12. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. L. B. Rowell & J. T. Sheperd Eds.: 173‐216. American Physiological Society. Bethesda MD. (10.1002/cphy.cp120105)
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_4_2', 'first-page': '480', 'article-title': 'Ontogeny of human locomotor control', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Forssberg H.', 'year': '1985', 'journal-title': 'I. Infant stepping, supported locomotion and transition to independent locomotion. Exp. Brain Res.'} / I. Infant stepping, supported locomotion and transition to independent locomotion. Exp. Brain Res. / Ontogeny of human locomotor control by Forssberg H. (1985)
Forssberg H. H. Hirschfeld & V. P. Stokes. 1991. Development of human locomotor mechanisms.InLocomotor Neural Mechanisms in Arthropods and Vertebrates. D. M. Armstrong & ‐M. H. Bush Eds.: 313‐331. Manchester University Press. Manchester UK.
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_6_2', 'first-page': '149', 'article-title': 'Electromyographic study of the learning process of walking in infants', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Okamoto T.', 'year': '1972', 'journal-title': 'Electromyography'} / Electromyography / Electromyographic study of the learning process of walking in infants by Okamoto T. (1972)
10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2782
10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1643
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_9_2', 'first-page': '575', 'article-title': 'Work of muscle receptors during controlled locomotion', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Severin F. V.', 'year': '1967', 'journal-title': 'Biophysics'} / Biophysics / Work of muscle receptors during controlled locomotion by Severin F. V. (1967)
10.1016/0006-8993(78)90973-3
10.1113/jphysiol.1910.sp001362
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_12_2', 'first-page': '89', 'article-title': "Peripheral control of the cat's step cycle", 'volume': '113', 'author': 'Andersson O.', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'I. Phase dependent effects of ramp-movements of the hip during “fictive locomotion.” Acta Physiol. Scand.'} / I. Phase dependent effects of ramp-movements of the hip during “fictive locomotion.” Acta Physiol. Scand. / Peripheral control of the cat's step cycle by Andersson O. (1981)
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_13_2', 'first-page': '229', 'article-title': "Peripheral control of the cat's step cycle", 'volume': '118', 'author': 'Andersson O.', 'year': '1983', 'journal-title': 'II. Entrainment of the central pattern generators for locomotion by sinusoidal hip movements during fictive locomotion. Acta Physiol. Scand.'} / II. Entrainment of the central pattern generators for locomotion by sinusoidal hip movements during fictive locomotion. Acta Physiol. Scand. / Peripheral control of the cat's step cycle by Andersson O. (1983)
10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2074
10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.1126
10.1007/BF00249807
10.1007/BF00241961
10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020871
10.1016/0006-8993(80)90206-1
10.1007/BF00230939
10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3226
10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62200-1
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_23_2', 'first-page': '1138', 'article-title': 'The role of gamma motor system in the activation of the extensor alpha‐motoneurones during controlled locomotion', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Severin F. V.', 'year': '1970', 'journal-title': 'Biophysics'} / Biophysics / The role of gamma motor system in the activation of the extensor alpha‐motoneurones during controlled locomotion by Severin F. V. (1970)
10.1152/jn.1979.42.5.1212
10.1007/BF00227094
10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015323
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10.1007/BF00228410
10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020897
10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021538
10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3237
{'key': 'e_1_2_6_32_2', 'first-page': '200', 'article-title': 'Plasticity in reflex pathways reinforcing stance phase activity in walking cats', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Pearson K. G.', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'Neurosci. Abstr.'} / Neurosci. Abstr. / Plasticity in reflex pathways reinforcing stance phase activity in walking cats by Pearson K. G. (1997)
10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00756-8
10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.603 / I. Intact cats. J. Neurophysiol. / Corrective responses to loss of ground support during walking by Gorassini M. (1994)
Whelan P. J. 1996. Function of extensor group I afferent feedback in the control of locomotion. Ph. D. thesis University of Alberta. Edmonton Canada.
10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07400.x
Hiebert G. W. & K. G. Pearson. 1998. The contribution of sensory feedback to the generation of extensor activity during walking in the decerebrate cat. J. Neurophysiol. Submitted. (10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.758)

Dates

Type	When
Created	19 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 7, 2006, 4:19 a.m.)
Deposited	7 months, 4 weeks ago (Jan. 7, 2025, 11:54 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 23, 2025, 8:34 a.m.)
Issued	26 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1998)
Published	26 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1998)
Published Online	19 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 7, 2006)
Published Print	26 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1998)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{PEARSON_1998, title={Enhancement and Resetting of Locomotor Activity by Muscle Afferentsa}, volume={860}, ISSN={1749-6632}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09050.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09050.x}, number={1}, journal={Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Wiley}, author={PEARSON, K. G. and MISIASZEK, J. E. and FOUAD, K.}, year={1998}, month=nov, pages={203–215} }

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