DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x. The effects of superficial wax on leaf wettability

The effects of superficial wax on leaf wettability

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Annals of Applied Biology (311)

Abstract

SUMMARYExperiments are described which provide more information on the role played by superficial waxes in the natural water‐repellency of leaf surfaces. Contact angles of water were measured on a variety of leaf surfaces, before and after removal of wax, and on smooth films of the isolated superficial waxes. The differences in wettability of leaf surfaces are not wholly accounted for by differences which occur in the chemical and hydrophobic properties of their superficial waxes.Waxes isolated from leaves exhibiting contact angles less than 90° are usually more hydrophobic than the leaf surface itself. On most leaves exhibiting angles greater than 90° wax is the dominant factor governing water‐repellency, the isolated wax normally making at least a 60 % contribution to the contact angle measured on the leaf surface. Additional factors, such as roughness, responsible for the occurrence of contact angles greater than 110° on certain leaf surfaces, reside in the wax layer. The hydrophobic properties of some leaves are unaffected by chloroform washing, revealing that superficial waxes play little part in their wettability.

Bibliography

HOLLOWAY, P. J. (1969). The effects of superficial wax on leaf wettability. Annals of Applied Biology, 63(1), 145â153. Portico.

Authors 1

P. J. HOLLOWAY (first)

References 32 Referenced 110

Baker E. A. Batt R. F. Roberts M. F.&Martin J. T.(1962)Studies on plant cuticle: Progress report.Rep. agric. hort. Res. Stn Univ. Bristol 1961 p.114.
10.1021/ja01123a058
10.1111/j.2042-7158.1960.tb12668.x
10.1111/j.2042-7158.1962.tb11164.x
10.3733/hilg.v12n11p665
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb01239.x
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1964.tb03779.x
10.1098/rspb.1947.0028
10.1039/df9480300162
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_11_1', 'first-page': '214', 'volume-title': 'Surface Activity and the Microbial cell', 'author': 'Ford R. E.', 'year': '1965'} / Surface Activity and the Microbial cell by Ford R. E. (1965)
10.1002/jsfa.2740130213
10.2307/4041117
10.1071/BI9661017
10.1016/S0022-5320(63)80006-4
10.1071/BI9650323
Holloway P. J.(1967)Studies of the wettability of leaf surfaces.Ph.D. thesis University of London.
10.1002/jsfa.2740200214
10.1016/S0021-9673(01)98251-2
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1959.tb05328.x
10.1007/BF01939624
10.1007/BF00596812
10.1007/BF01937876
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1958.tb02218.x
Mazliak P.(1963)La cire cuticulaire des pommes (Pirus MalusL.).Thèse Université de Paris.
10.1146/annurev.pp.07.060156.002035
10.1098/rspb.1963.0062
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1959.tb07290.x
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1959.tb07289.x
Roberts M. F. Martin J. T.&Peries O. S.(1961)Studies on plant cuticle. IV. The leaf cuticle in relation to invasion by fungi.Rep. agric. hort. Res. Stn Univ. Bristol1960 p..102.
10.1071/BI9670509
10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92849-3
Wortmann G. B.(1965)Elektronmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Blattoberfläche und deren Veränderungen durch Pflanzenschutzmittel.Dissertation Landwirtschaftlichen Hochschule Hohenheim.

Dates

Type	When
Created	17 years, 5 months ago (Feb. 26, 2008, 7:13 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 7, 2023, 12:37 p.m.)
Indexed	2 months, 1 week ago (June 11, 2025, 5:06 a.m.)
Issued	56 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1969)
Published	56 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1969)
Published Online	17 years, 5 months ago (Feb. 26, 2008)
Published Print	56 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1969)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{HOLLOWAY_1969, title={The effects of superficial wax on leaf wettability}, volume={63}, ISSN={1744-7348}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x}, number={1}, journal={Annals of Applied Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={HOLLOWAY, P. J.}, year={1969}, month=feb, pages={145–153} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        6,
        11
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-06-11T09:06:37Z",
    "timestamp": 1749632797176
  },
  "reference-count": 32,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "1",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2008,
            2,
            26
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2008-02-26T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1203984000000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 14269,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1969,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>SUMMARY</jats:title><jats:p>Experiments are described which provide more information on the role played by superficial waxes in the natural water\u2010repellency of leaf surfaces. Contact angles of water were measured on a variety of leaf surfaces, before and after removal of wax, and on smooth films of the isolated superficial waxes. The differences in wettability of leaf surfaces are not wholly accounted for by differences which occur in the chemical and hydrophobic properties of their superficial waxes.</jats:p><jats:p>Waxes isolated from leaves exhibiting contact angles less than 90\u00b0 are usually more hydrophobic than the leaf surface itself. On most leaves exhibiting angles greater than 90\u00b0 wax is the dominant factor governing water\u2010repellency, the isolated wax normally making at least a 60 % contribution to the contact angle measured on the leaf surface. Additional factors, such as roughness, responsible for the occurrence of contact angles greater than 110\u00b0 on certain leaf surfaces, reside in the wax layer. The hydrophobic properties of some leaves are unaffected by chloroform washing, revealing that superficial waxes play little part in their wettability.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        2,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2008-02-26T12:13:59Z",
    "timestamp": 1204028039000
  },
  "page": "145-153",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 110,
  "title": "The effects of superficial wax on leaf wettability",
  "prefix": "10.1111",
  "volume": "63",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "P. J.",
      "family": "HOLLOWAY",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        2,
        26
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "unstructured": "Baker E. A. Batt R. F. Roberts M. F.&Martin J. T.(1962)Studies on plant cuticle: Progress report.Rep. agric. hort. Res. Stn Univ. Bristol 1961 p.114."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja01123a058"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.2042-7158.1960.tb12668.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.2042-7158.1962.tb11164.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.3733/hilg.v12n11p665"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb01239.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1964.tb03779.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.1947.0028"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/df9480300162"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "first-page": "214",
      "volume-title": "Surface Activity and the Microbial cell",
      "author": "Ford R. E.",
      "year": "1965"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jsfa.2740130213"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.2307/4041117"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1071/BI9661017"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-5320(63)80006-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1071/BI9650323"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "unstructured": "Holloway P. J.(1967)Studies of the wettability of leaf surfaces.Ph.D. thesis University of London."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jsfa.2740200214"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9673(01)98251-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.1959.tb05328.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01939624"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00596812"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01937876"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1958.tb02218.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "unstructured": "Mazliak P.(1963)La cire cuticulaire des pommes (Pirus MalusL.).Th\u00e8se Universit\u00e9 de Paris."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.pp.07.060156.002035"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.1963.0062"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1959.tb07290.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1959.tb07289.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "unstructured": "Roberts M. F. Martin J. T.&Peries O. S.(1961)Studies on plant cuticle. IV. The leaf cuticle in relation to invasion by fungi.Rep. agric. hort. Res. Stn Univ. Bristol1960 p..102."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1071/BI9670509"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92849-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "unstructured": "Wortmann G. B.(1965)Elektronmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Blattoberfl\u00e4che und deren Ver\u00e4nderungen durch Pflanzenschutzmittel.Dissertation Landwirtschaftlichen Hochschule Hohenheim."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Annals of Applied Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        11,
        7
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-11-07T17:37:02Z",
    "timestamp": 1699378622000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1969,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 32,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1969,
          2
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb05475.x",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0003-4746",
    "1744-7348"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Annals of Applied Biology",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1969,
        2
      ]
    ]
  }
}