DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x. MicroReview Cascades of sigma factors revisited

MicroReview Cascades of sigma factors revisited

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Molecular Microbiology (311)

Abstract

SummaryProgrammed gene expression during the process of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by the successive appearance of five developmental sigma factors. These sigma factors are encoded by genes in which mutations arrest sporulation at a defined stage. These genes are turned on sequentially and depend for their own transcription on the activity of a previously synthesized sigma factor. Superimposed on the regulation of synthesis of the sigma factors are post‐transcriptional control mechanisms that couple the activation of the developmental sigma factors to the course of sporulation. Here we review evidence indicating that these developmental transcription factors comprise a regulatory cascade in the order σH→σF→σE→σG→σK in which the activity of each sigma factor depends on the action of the preceding sigma factor in the cascade.

Bibliography

Stragier, P., & Losick, R. (1990). MicroReview Cascades of sigma factors revisited. Molecular Microbiology, 4(11), 1801â1806. Portico.

Authors 2

P. Stragier (first)
R. Losick (additional)

References 28 Referenced 105

10.1128/jb.171.4.2216-2218.1989
10.1016/0092-8674(90)90362-I / Cell by Cutting S (1990)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_4_1', 'first-page': '147', 'volume-title': 'Regulation of Procaryotic Development', 'author': 'Dubnau D.', 'year': '1989'} / Regulation of Procaryotic Development by Dubnau D. (1989)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_5_1', 'first-page': '2147', 'volume': '130', 'author': 'Fort P.', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'J Gen Microbiol'} / J Gen Microbiol by Fort P. (1984)
10.1128/jb.172.8.4178-4186.1990 / J Bacteriol by Jonas R.M. (1990)
10.1101/gad.3.2.150 / Genes Devel by Karmazyn‐Campelli C. (1989)
10.1073/pnas.86.23.9109
10.1126/science.2492118 / Science by Kroos L. (1989)
10.1128/jb.170.8.3513-3522.1988 / J Bacteriol by Kunkel B. (1988)
10.1101/gad.3.11.1735
10.1101/gad.4.4.525 / Genes Devel by Kunkel B. (1990)
10.1073/pnas.84.7.1784 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA by Labell T.L. (1987)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_14_1', 'first-page': '223', 'volume-title': 'Regulation of Procaryotic Development', 'author': 'Losick R.', 'year': '1989'} / Regulation of Procaryotic Development by Losick R. (1989)
10.1016/0092-8674(81)90164-1
10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.003205
10.1128/jb.170.1.239-244.1988 / J Bacteriol by Mason J.M. (1988)
10.1128/jb.172.2.709-715.1990
10.1128/jb.165.3.771-779.1986
10.1128/jb.172.2.1092-1098.1990 / J Bacteriol by Sato T. (1990)
10.1073/pnas.87.23.9221
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_22_1', 'first-page': '243', 'volume-title': 'Regulation of Procaryotic Development', 'author': 'Stragier P.', 'year': '1989'} / Regulation of Procaryotic Development by Stragier P. (1989)
10.1016/0092-8674(88)90407-2
10.1126/science.2536191 / Science by Stragier P. (1989)
10.1101/gad.3.2.141
10.1128/jb.171.11.5928-5932.1989 / J Bacteriol by Tatti K.M. (1989)
10.1073/pnas.82.12.4189
10.1128/jb.171.2.692-698.1989
10.1016/0022-2836(90)90227-D

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 27, 2006, 5:18 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 22, 2023, 11:45 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 1 week ago (July 24, 2025, 6:58 a.m.)
Issued	34 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1990)
Published	34 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1990)
Published Online	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 27, 2006)
Published Print	34 years, 10 months ago (Nov. 1, 1990)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Stragier_1990, title={MicroReview Cascades of sigma factors revisited}, volume={4}, ISSN={1365-2958}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x}, number={11}, journal={Molecular Microbiology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Stragier, P. and Losick, R.}, year={1990}, month=nov, pages={1801–1806} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-24T10:58:26Z",
    "timestamp": 1753354706538
  },
  "reference-count": 28,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "11",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2006,
            10,
            27
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2006-10-27T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1161907200000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 5839,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1990,
        11
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Programmed gene expression during the process of endospore formation in <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis</jats:italic> is governed by the successive appearance of five developmental sigma factors. These sigma factors are encoded by genes in which mutations arrest sporulation at a defined stage. These genes are turned on sequentially and depend for their own transcription on the activity of a previously synthesized sigma factor. Superimposed on the regulation of synthesis of the sigma factors are post\u2010transcriptional control mechanisms that couple the activation of the developmental sigma factors to the course of sporulation. Here we review evidence indicating that these developmental transcription factors comprise a regulatory cascade in the order \u03c3<jats:sup>H</jats:sup>\u2192\u03c3<jats:sup>F</jats:sup>\u2192\u03c3<jats:sup>E</jats:sup>\u2192\u03c3<jats:sup>G</jats:sup>\u2192\u03c3<jats:sup>K</jats:sup> in which the activity of each sigma factor depends on the action of the preceding sigma factor in the cascade.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        27
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-27T21:18:30Z",
    "timestamp": 1161983910000
  },
  "page": "1801-1806",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 105,
  "title": "MicroReview Cascades of sigma factors revisited",
  "prefix": "10.1111",
  "volume": "4",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "P.",
      "family": "Stragier",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "R.",
      "family": "Losick",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        27
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.171.4.2216-2218.1989"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "239",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90362-I",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Cutting S",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "first-page": "147",
      "volume-title": "Regulation of Procaryotic Development",
      "author": "Dubnau D.",
      "year": "1989"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "first-page": "2147",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Fort P.",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "J Gen Microbiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4178",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.172.8.4178-4186.1990",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Jonas R.M.",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J Bacteriol"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "150",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.2.150",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Karmazyn\u2010Campelli C.",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Genes Devel"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.86.23.9109"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "526",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2492118",
      "volume": "243",
      "author": "Kroos L.",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3513",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.170.8.3513-3522.1988",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "Kunkel B.",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "J Bacteriol"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.11.1735"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "525",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.4.4.525",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Kunkel B.",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Genes Devel"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1784",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.84.7.1784",
      "volume": "84",
      "author": "Labell T.L.",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "first-page": "223",
      "volume-title": "Regulation of Procaryotic Development",
      "author": "Losick R.",
      "year": "1989"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(81)90164-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.003205"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "239",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.170.1.239-244.1988",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "Mason J.M.",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "J Bacteriol"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.172.2.709-715.1990"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.165.3.771-779.1986"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1092",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.172.2.1092-1098.1990",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Sato T.",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J Bacteriol"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.87.23.9221"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "first-page": "243",
      "volume-title": "Regulation of Procaryotic Development",
      "author": "Stragier P.",
      "year": "1989"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(88)90407-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "507",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2536191",
      "volume": "243",
      "author": "Stragier P.",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.3.2.141"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5926",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.171.11.5928-5932.1989",
      "volume": "171",
      "author": "Tatti K.M.",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J Bacteriol"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.82.12.4189"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1128/jb.171.2.692-698.1989"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(90)90227-D"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Molecular Microbiology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        10,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-10-22T15:45:48Z",
    "timestamp": 1697989548000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1990,
        11
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 28,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "11",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1990,
          11
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02028.x",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0950-382X",
    "1365-2958"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Molecular Microbiology",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1990,
        11
      ]
    ]
  }
}