Abstract
SummaryBlebs are protrusions of the cell membrane. They are the result of actomyosin contractions of the cortex, which cause either transient detachment of the cell membrane from the actin cortex or a rupture in the actin cortex. Then, cytosol streams out of the cell body and inflates the newly formed bleb. During expansion, which lasts ∼30 s, the bleb is devoid of actin and the surface area increases through further tearing of membrane from the cortex and convective flows of lipids in the plane of the membrane through the bleb neck. Once expansion slows, an actin cortex is reconstituted. First actin‐membrane linker proteins, such as ezrin, are recruited to the bleb, then actin, actin‐bundling proteins and finally myosin motor proteins. Retraction lasts ∼2 min and is powered by myosin motor proteins. Though it has been less studied than other actin‐based membrane protrusions such as lamellipodia or filopodia, blebbing is a common feature of cell physiology during cell movement, cytokinesis, cell spreading and apoptosis. This review will succinctly attempt to summarize what we know about the mechanisms involved in blebbing, when it appears in cell physiology and what open questions remain.
References
78
Referenced
272
10.1073/pnas.77.11.6639
10.1101/SQB.1982.046.01.008
10.1242/jcs.112.1.111
/ J. Cell Sci. / Disruption of dynamic cell surface architecture of NIH3T3 fibroblasts by the N‐terminal domains of moesin and ezrin: in vivo imaging with GFP fusion proteins by Amieva M.R. (1999)10.1038/sj.cdd.4401236
10.1242/jcs.96.1.171
/ J. Cell Sci. / Spreading of trypsinized cells: cytoskeletal dynamics and energy requirements by Bereiter‐Hahn J. (1990)10.1016/j.devcel.2006.09.023
10.1016/0014-4827(55)90055-0
10.1073/pnas.0702511104
10.1126/science.3277283
10.1038/nrm882
10.1083/jcb.200603149
10.1038/385450a0
10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.074302
10.1529/biophysj.107.113605
10.1083/jcb.200602085
10.1038/nature03550
10.1038/ncb734
10.1038/35070009
10.1083/jcb.129.6.1589
10.1126/science.1549777
10.1074/jbc.M105289200
10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77168-7
10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.024
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(199909)44:1<44::AID-CM4>3.0.CO;2-0
- Fink R.D.(2003)Movies of fundulus deep cell locomotion. Available athttp://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rfink/Researchvideopages/rvideo3.htm.
10.1083/jcb.114.5.967
10.1152/physiol.00017.2004
10.1189/jlb.70.4.491
10.1038/nrc1075
10.1242/jcs.22.1.133
/ J. Cell Sci. / Studies on the mechanism of circus movement in dissociated embryonic cells of a teleost, Oryzias latipes: fine‐structural observations by Fujinami N. (1976)10.1242/jcs.19.1.169
/ J. Cell Sci. / Circus movement in dissociated embryonic cells of a teleost, Oryzias latipes by Fujinami N. (1975)10.1074/jbc.271.42.26187
10.1016/S0309-1651(81)80010-0
10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.685
10.1038/356618a0
10.1242/jcs.68.1.227
10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75637-3
10.1242/jcs.22.3.575
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1998)41:2<181::AID-CM8>3.0.CO;2-H
10.1002/1097-0169(200008)46:4<247::AID-CM2>3.0.CO;2-8
10.1016/0014-4827(81)90364-5
10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.007
10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76329-6
10.1083/jcb.140.3.627
10.1083/jcb.146.4.703
10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.01.008
10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74468-3
10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00262-4
10.1042/bss0660069
10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00181-6
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-16-05117.1996
/ J. Neurosci. / Onset of electrical excitability during a period of circus plasma membrane movements in differentiating Xenopus neurons by Olson E.C. (1996)10.1529/biophysj.105.060590
10.1016/j.tcb.2005.11.003
10.1002/cm.1012
10.1007/s00709-007-0243-1
10.1083/jcb.57.3.815
10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.12.023
10.1038/nrc2229
10.1038/ncb1019
10.1182/blood.V94.3.1012.415k05_1012_1020
10.1038/35073095
10.1146/annurev.biophys.35.040405.102017
10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00178-9
10.1038/35052082
10.1016/S0076-6879(98)98045-4
10.1242/jcs.007732
10.1016/0012-1606(73)90049-3
10.1083/jcb.200604113
10.1242/jcs.00230
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19981101)43:3<265::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-Z
10.1083/jcb.127.4.963
10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80008-8
10.1007/BF00217218
10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.065
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1996)33:1<22::AID-CM3>3.0.CO;2-K
10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.01.015
10.1242/jcs.03152
10.1103/PhysRevA.46.7998
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 17 years ago (Aug. 28, 2008, 2:26 p.m.) |
Deposited | 1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 12, 2023, 6:48 a.m.) |
Indexed | 55 minutes ago (Sept. 7, 2025, 7:39 p.m.) |
Issued | 17 years ago (Aug. 28, 2008) |
Published | 17 years ago (Aug. 28, 2008) |
Published Online | 17 years ago (Aug. 28, 2008) |
Published Print | 17 years ago (Sept. 1, 2008) |
@article{CHARRAS_2008, title={A short history of blebbing}, volume={231}, ISSN={1365-2818}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02059.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02059.x}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Microscopy}, publisher={Wiley}, author={CHARRAS, G.T.}, year={2008}, month=aug, pages={466–478} }