DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02220.x. Enhanced contrast in electron microscopy of unstained biological material: II. Defocused contrast of large objects

Enhanced contrast in electron microscopy of unstained biological material: II. Defocused contrast of large objects

10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02220.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Journal of Microscopy (311)

Abstract

SUMMARYA contrast minimum is observed when 88 nm diameter polystyrene latex spheres are underfocused, which is related to the wide‐angle scattering peaks. Images due to scattered and non‐scattered wave components are displaced due to objective‐lens spherical aberration and defocus. Maximum overlap of these components produces a contrast minimum at underfocus, related to the spherical aberration of the particular lens used.Similarly, a high‐contrast band at carbon‐film edges arises from spherical aberration and defocus separation of non‐scattered and wide‐angle scattered waves. This band increases in contrast with film thickness and in width with lens defocus.These geometrical effects account for the well‐known ‘blinking’ of contrast of large biological objects upon swinging through focus without an objective aperture, and for the general contrast increase of defocused large objects. Fresnel fringes account for only a narrow band of enhanced contrast at distinct edges and cannot account for contrast enhancement of large objects lacking distinct edges.

Bibliography

Johnson, H. M., & Parsons, D. F. (1970). Enhanced contrast in electron microscopy of unstained biological material: II. Defocused contrast of large objects. Journal of Microscopy, 91(3), 173â184. Portico.

Authors 2

H. M. Johnson (first)
D. F. Parsons (additional)

References 21 Referenced 4

{'key': 'e_1_2_1_2_1', 'first-page': '60', 'volume-title': 'Proceedings of the Conference on Electron Microscopy, Stockholm', 'author': 'Borries', 'year': '1956'} / Proceedings of the Conference on Electron Microscopy, Stockholm by Borries (1956)
Drähos V. Komrska J.&Lenc M.(1968)Shadow images of charged spherical particles.Proc. 4th Reg. Conf. Electron Microsc Rome p.157.
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_4_1', 'first-page': '94', 'article-title': "Contrast de défocalisation en éclairage cohérent cas d'un objet periodique en microscopie electronique", 'volume': '250', 'author': 'Fagot M.', 'year': '1960', 'journal-title': 'C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci. Paris'} / C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci. Paris / Contrast de défocalisation en éclairage cohérent cas d'un objet periodique en microscopie electronique by Fagot M. (1960)
Farrant J.L.&McLean J.D.(1965)The imaging of a protein crystal lattice.Proc. int. Conf. Electron Diffraction and Crystal Defects Melbourne 1–5p.
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_6_1', 'volume-title': 'Introduction to Electron Microscopy', 'author': 'Hall C.E.', 'year': '1966'} / Introduction to Electron Microscopy by Hall C.E. (1966)
10.1111/j.1365-2818.1966.tb02190.x
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_8_1', 'volume-title': 'Fundamentals of Transmission Electron Microscopy', 'author': 'Heidenreich R.D.', 'year': '1964'} / Fundamentals of Transmission Electron Microscopy by Heidenreich R.D. (1964)
Johnson H.M.&Parsons D.F.(1967)Four stage E.M. for phase contrast and strioscopy.Proc. 25th Ann. E.M.S.A. Chicago p.236. (10.1017/S0424820100061197)
10.1063/1.1683871
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_11_1', 'first-page': '322', 'article-title': 'Zur Bestimmung die Offnungsfehlerkoeffzienten Magnetischen Objectivlinsen', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Kunath W.', 'year': '1965', 'journal-title': 'Optik Stuttg.'} / Optik Stuttg. / Zur Bestimmung die Offnungsfehlerkoeffzienten Magnetischen Objectivlinsen by Kunath W. (1965)
10.1364/JOSA.51.000740
Meyerhoff K.H.&Müller G.(1965)Anomalous contrast in electron micrographs of negatively stained specimens. In:Proceedings of a Symposium on Quantitative Electron Microscopy(Ed. byG. F.Bahr&E. H.Zeitler). Washington.
10.1063/1.1655992
10.1007/BF01129366
10.1111/j.1365-2818.1969.tb00656.x
10.1063/1.1698233
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_18_1', 'volume-title': 'Transmission Electron Microscopy of Metals', 'author': 'Thomas G.', 'year': '1962'} / Transmission Electron Microscopy of Metals by Thomas G. (1962)
10.1515/zna-1965-0129 / Z. Naturf. / Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an dunnen Kohlefolien by Thon F. (1965)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_20_1', 'first-page': '41', 'volume-title': 'Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy', 'author': 'Welford W.T.', 'year': '1968'} / Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy by Welford W.T. (1968)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_21_1', 'first-page': '97', 'article-title': 'Factors affecting the contrast of lattice image. I. Focusing of the objective', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Yada K.', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'J. Electron Microsc. Chiba Cy'} / J. Electron Microsc. Chiba Cy / Factors affecting the contrast of lattice image. I. Focusing of the objective by Yada K. (1968)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_22_1', 'volume-title': 'Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope', 'author': 'Zworykin V.K.', 'year': '1945'} / Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope by Zworykin V.K. (1945)

Dates

Type	When
Created	14 years, 1 month ago (Aug. 2, 2011, 11:34 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 10, 2023, 4:27 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 10, 2023, 7:06 p.m.)
Issued	55 years, 3 months ago (June 1, 1970)
Published	55 years, 3 months ago (June 1, 1970)
Published Online	14 years, 1 month ago (Aug. 2, 2011)
Published Print	55 years, 3 months ago (June 1, 1970)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Johnson_1970, title={Enhanced contrast in electron microscopy of unstained biological material: II. Defocused contrast of large objects}, volume={91}, ISSN={1365-2818}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02220.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2818.1970.tb02220.x}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Microscopy}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Johnson, H. M. and Parsons, D. F.}, year={1970}, month=jun, pages={173–184} }

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