DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x. Surface Energy Anisotropy of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> at 1400°C in Air

Surface Energy Anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400°C in Air

10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Journal of the American Ceramic Society (311)

Abstract

Geometric and crystallographic measurements of grain‐boundary thermal grooves and surface faceting behavior as a function of orientation have been used to determine the surface energy anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400°C in air. Under these conditions, thermal grooves are formed by surface diffusion. The surface energy anisotropy was determined using the capillarity vector reconstruction method under the assumption that Herring's local equilibrium condition holds at the groove root. The results indicate that the (100) surface has the minimum energy. For surfaces inclined between 0° and 30° from (100), the energy increases with the inclination angle. Orientations inclined by more than 30° from (100) are all about 10% higher in energy and, within experimental uncertainty, energetically equivalent. A procedure for estimating the uncertainties in the reconstructed energies is also introduced. Taken together, the orientation dependence of the surface‐facet formation and the measured energy anisotropy lead to the conclusion that the equilibrium crystal shape is dominated by {100}, but also includes {110} and {111} facets. Complex planes within about 15° of {100} and 5° of {110} are also part of the equilibrium shape.

Authors 3

Tomoko Sano (first)
David M. Saylor (additional)
Gregory S. Rohrer (additional)

References 32 Referenced 97

10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02791.x
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00140.x
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00362.x
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01358.x
10.1023/A:1011262628243
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_7_2', 'first-page': '143', 'volume-title': 'The Physics of Powder Metallurgy', 'author': 'Herring C.', 'year': '1951'} / The Physics of Powder Metallurgy by Herring C. (1951)
10.1016/0039-6028(72)90268-3
10.1016/0001-6160(74)90134-5
10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00126-9
10.1126/science.266.5190.1540
10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3014
The naming of commercial equipment does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
10.1063/1.1722742
10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05206.x
10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01951.x
10.1557/JMR.1999.0341
10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00829-6
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_19_2', 'article-title': 'Orientation Dependence of Photochemical Reduction Reactions on SrTiO3 Surfaces', 'author': 'Giocondi J. L.', 'journal-title': 'Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.'} / Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. / Orientation Dependence of Photochemical Reduction Reactions on SrTiO3 Surfaces by Giocondi J. L.
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03445.x
10.1021/ja01379a006
10.1088/0022-3719/12/22/036
10.1007/BF00307511
10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00670-0
10.1039/a903029h
10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00911-5
10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10409
10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00603-8
10.1103/PhysRevB.64.235417
10.1116/1.1496513
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00769.x
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01173.x
10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00965.x

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 16, 2007, 10:12 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 22, 2023, 9:31 p.m.)
Indexed	3 days, 1 hour ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 9:17 p.m.)
Issued	21 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2003)
Published	21 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2003)
Published Online	20 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 20, 2004)
Published Print	21 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2003)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Sano_2003, title={Surface Energy Anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400°C in Air}, volume={86}, ISSN={1551-2916}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the American Ceramic Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sano, Tomoko and Saylor, David M. and Rohrer, Gregory S.}, year={2003}, month=nov, pages={1933–1939} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-24T01:17:17Z",
    "timestamp": 1755998237216
  },
  "reference-count": 32,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "11",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2004,
            12,
            20
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2004-12-20T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1103500800000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 415,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        11
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Geometric and crystallographic measurements of grain\u2010boundary thermal grooves and surface faceting behavior as a function of orientation have been used to determine the surface energy anisotropy of SrTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> at 1400\u00b0C in air. Under these conditions, thermal grooves are formed by surface diffusion. The surface energy anisotropy was determined using the capillarity vector reconstruction method under the assumption that Herring's local equilibrium condition holds at the groove root. The results indicate that the (100) surface has the minimum energy. For surfaces inclined between 0\u00b0 and 30\u00b0 from (100), the energy increases with the inclination angle. Orientations inclined by more than 30\u00b0 from (100) are all about 10% higher in energy and, within experimental uncertainty, energetically equivalent. A procedure for estimating the uncertainties in the reconstructed energies is also introduced. Taken together, the orientation dependence of the surface\u2010facet formation and the measured energy anisotropy lead to the conclusion that the equilibrium crystal shape is dominated by {100}, but also includes {110} and {111} facets. Complex planes within about 15\u00b0 of {100} and 5\u00b0 of {110} are also part of the equilibrium shape.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        1,
        16
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2007-01-16T15:12:05Z",
    "timestamp": 1168960325000
  },
  "page": "1933-1939",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 97,
  "title": "Surface Energy Anisotropy of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> at 1400\u00b0C in Air",
  "prefix": "10.1111",
  "volume": "86",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Tomoko",
      "family": "Sano",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "David M.",
      "family": "Saylor",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Gregory S.",
      "family": "Rohrer",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        20
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02791.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00140.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00362.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01358.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1011262628243"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_2",
      "first-page": "143",
      "volume-title": "The Physics of Powder Metallurgy",
      "author": "Herring C.",
      "year": "1951"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0039-6028(72)90268-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0001-6160(74)90134-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00126-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.266.5190.1540"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3014"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_2",
      "unstructured": "The naming of commercial equipment does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1722742"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05206.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01951.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1557/JMR.1999.0341"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00829-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_2",
      "article-title": "Orientation Dependence of Photochemical Reduction Reactions on SrTiO3 Surfaces",
      "author": "Giocondi J. L.",
      "journal-title": "Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03445.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja01379a006"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0022-3719/12/22/036"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00307511"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00670-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/a903029h"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00911-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10409"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00603-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.64.235417"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1116/1.1496513"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00769.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01173.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00965.x"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of the American Ceramic Society",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x/fullpdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        11,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-11-23T02:31:20Z",
    "timestamp": 1700706680000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        11
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 32,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "11",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2003,
          11
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0002-7820",
    "1551-2916"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Journal of the American Ceramic Society",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        11
      ]
    ]
  }
}