DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14566.x. Effect of Firing Cycle on Structure and Some Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics

Effect of Firing Cycle on Structure and Some Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics

10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14566.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Journal of the American Ceramic Society (311)

Abstract

In the preparation of barium titanate ceramics for dielectric and piezoelectric applications, careful attention must be given to many factors which determine the ultimate performance of the ceramic. In this study structural differences were observed with the aid of electron micrographs as the time and temperature of firing were varied. At lower temperatures and shorter firing intervals crystals remained small, grain‐boundary areas were relatively large, and there were numerous voids where several crystals joined. As the time and/or temperature were increased, crystals became larger with an improved grain‐boundary condition that resulted in better structure. An optimum condition was soon reached beyond which rounding of edges at grain boundaries where several crystals joined became more pronounced. This caused an increase in the number of voids. Accompanying these changes, the 1‐kc. dielectric constant, the piezoelectric constants (thickness mode), and coupling coefficients first improved, reached optimum values, and then declined slightly, but the resistance to depoling continually decreased as the crystal size increased. An experimental technique of rapid heating and cooling was used to prepare dense specimens of chemically pure barium titanate with relatively small average crystal sizes. Dielectric constants as high as 3000 with Q values of 80 were obtained for these high‐density ceramics, accompanied by low effective piezoelectric constants and coupling coefficients.

Bibliography

EGERTON, L., & KOONCE, S. E. (1955). Effect of Firing Cycle on Structure and Some Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 38(11), 412â418. Portico.

Authors 2

L. EGERTON (first)
S. ELOISE KOONCE (additional)

References 20 Referenced 48

10.1111/j.1151-2916.1947.tb18879.x
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_3_2', 'first-page': '24', 'article-title': 'Development and Properties of Some Ceramic Dielectrics', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Shelton G. R.', 'year': '1948', 'journal-title': 'Proc. Natl. Electronics Conf.'} / Proc. Natl. Electronics Conf. / Development and Properties of Some Ceramic Dielectrics by Shelton G. R. (1948)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_4_2', 'first-page': '218', 'article-title': 'Barium Titanate and Barium Strontium Titanate Resonators', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Donley H. L.', 'year': '1948', 'journal-title': 'RCA Rev.'} / RCA Rev. / Barium Titanate and Barium Strontium Titanate Resonators by Donley H. L. (1948)
10.1038/157297c0
10.1039/tf946420a231
G. R.SheltonandS.Marzullo “Dielectrics for Ceramic Components ” Rept. No. 3 National Bureau of Standards Rept. 3294 May 1 1954.
{'issue': '6', 'key': 'e_1_2_1_8_2', 'first-page': '16', 'article-title': 'Effect of Impurities on Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Graf E. G.', 'year': '1951', 'journal-title': 'Ceram. Ag'} / Ceram. Ag / Effect of Impurities on Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate by Graf E. G. (1951)
10.1021/ie50443a009
10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12870.x
See footnote1(f).
EugeneWainer “High Dielectric Material ”U. S. Pat. 2 452 532 October 26 1948;Ceram. Abstr. 1949 April p. 110a.
{'issue': '2', 'key': 'e_1_2_1_13_2', 'first-page': '25', 'article-title': 'Control Testing of Dielectric Titanates and Some Anomalies Noted', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Baldwin W. J.', 'year': '1951', 'journal-title': 'Ceram. Ag'} / Ceram. Ag / Control Testing of Dielectric Titanates and Some Anomalies Noted by Baldwin W. J. (1951)
{'issue': '4', 'key': 'e_1_2_1_14_2', 'first-page': '188', 'article-title': 'Factors Affecting Ceramic and Electrical Properties of High‐Dielectric‐Constant Titanates', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'Baldwin W. J.', 'year': '1949', 'journal-title': 'Ceram. Ag'} / Ceram. Ag / Factors Affecting Ceramic and Electrical Properties of High‐Dielectric‐Constant Titanates by Baldwin W. J. (1949)
{'issue': '5', 'key': 'e_1_2_1_15_2', 'first-page': '131', 'article-title': 'Preparation of Reproducible Barium Titanate', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Callahan R. M.', 'year': '1954', 'journal-title': 'Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull'} / Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull / Preparation of Reproducible Barium Titanate by Callahan R. M. (1954)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_16_2', 'first-page': '508', 'volume-title': 'Piezoelectric Crystals and Their Application to Ultrasonics', 'author': 'Mason W. P.', 'year': '1950'} / Piezoelectric Crystals and Their Application to Ultrasonics by Mason W. P. (1950)
10.1121/1.1906746
10.1063/1.1746102
10.1103/RevModPhys.22.221
10.1103/PhysRev.75.687
High Dielectric Constant Ceramics”;TAM brochure Chapter X Fig. 10.4 (1948).

Dates

Type	When
Created	19 years, 2 months ago (June 6, 2006, 8:50 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 23, 2023, 8:26 a.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 4, 2024, 2:24 p.m.)
Issued	69 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 1955)
Published	69 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 1955)
Published Online	19 years, 2 months ago (June 2, 2006)
Published Print	69 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 1955)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{EGERTON_1955, title={Effect of Firing Cycle on Structure and Some Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics}, volume={38}, ISSN={1551-2916}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14566.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14566.x}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the American Ceramic Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={EGERTON, L. and KOONCE, S. ELOISE}, year={1955}, month=nov, pages={412–418} }

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