DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1971.0143. An electron microscope study of evaporating gold particles: the Kelvin equation for liquid gold and the lowering of the melting point of solid gold particles

An electron microscope study of evaporating gold particles: the Kelvin equation for liquid gold and the lowering of the melting point of solid gold particles

10.1098/rspa.1971.0143

Crossref journal-article

The Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences (175)

Abstract

An electron microscope has been used to observe the evaporation of small ( < 50 nm radius) gold particles resting on heated carbon substrates in a vacuum of 2.7 x 10 -4 Pa. Evaporation curves for liquid gold particles are found to agree with the predictions of Kelvin’s theory which relates vapour pressure to surface curvature and, at low evaporation rates, the evaporation curves for solid gold particles also have the expected monotonic form. However, with solid gold particles evaporating in the temperature range 1160 to 1330 K, evaporation curves have been obtained showing a characteristic ‘kinked’ nature; that is, on each curve obtained, there appears to be two sections consistent with two different rates of evaporation. These non-monotonic curves have been interpreted as being caused by the melting of the slowly evaporating solid gold particles into liquid—the difference in evaporation coefficient between solid and liquid gold giving the observed sudden change in evaporation rate. From these results a plot of particle radius against melting temperature has been obtained.

Bibliography

An electron microscope study of evaporating gold particles: the Kelvin equation for liquid gold and the lowering of the melting point of solid gold particles. (1971). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 324(1558), 339â351.

Authors 0

None

References 37 Referenced 181

Alexander B. H. Dawson M. H. & Kling H. P. 1951 Phys. 439. (10.1063/1.1699980)
American Institute of Physics Handbook 1963 2nd ed.
Blackman M. & Curzon A. E. 1959 Structure and properties of thinfilms (ed. C. Neugebauer J. B. Newkirk and D. A. Vermilyea) p. 217. New York: Wiley and Sons.
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Boiko B. T. Pugachev A. T. & Bratsykhin V. M. 1969 Soviet Phys. solid St. 10 2832.
{'key': 'p_6', 'first-page': '1209', 'article-title': 'J', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Buttner F.', 'year': '1951', 'journal-title': 'Met.'} / Met. / J by Buttner F. (1951)
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Curzon A. 1959 Ph.D. Thesis London.
{'key': 'p_9', 'first-page': '427', 'article-title': 'Ukr', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Eremenko Y. N.', 'year': '1962', 'journal-title': 'Khim. Zh.'} / Khim. Zh. / Ukr by Eremenko Y. N. (1962)
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10.1016/0039-6028(68)90153-2
Honig R. E. & Kramer D. A. 1969 PGA Rev. 30 no. 2. (10.1016/0021-9797(69)90383-X)
Kakinoki J. Katada K. Hanawa T. & Ino T. 1960a Acta crystallogr. 13 171. (10.1107/S0365110X60000418)
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Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 18, 2006, 5:53 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 21, 2021, 4:47 a.m.)
Indexed	2 months, 2 weeks ago (June 9, 2025, 6:24 a.m.)
Issued	53 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 8, 1971)
Published	53 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 8, 1971)
Published Online	28 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1997)
Published Print	53 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 8, 1971)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{1971, volume={324}, ISSN={0080-4630}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1971.0143}, DOI={10.1098/rspa.1971.0143}, number={1558}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, year={1971}, month=sep, pages={339–351} }

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