The thickness of the saturated helium film above and below theλ-point
10.1098/rspa.1957.0080
Crossref journal-article
The Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences (175)
Abstract

The properties of the static helium film covering a vertical, polished metal surface, at heights between 0∙4 and 1∙6 cm above bulk liquid and from 1∙2 to 3∙8°K, have been reinvestigated using an improved form of apparatus based on the optical method of Burge & Jackson (1951). The original calibration curve of the instrument was found to be incorrect by about 30%, and an entirely new one has been constructed in which the only assumption is that the refractive indices of film and bulk liquid are the same. At 2∙05°K the film thicknessdis given byd=k / H1/z, whereHis the height above bulk liquid,k= 3∙15 x 10–6cm andz= 2∙3. The value ofzincreases to about 2∙6 as the temperature falls to 1∙32°K , but at temperatures below 2∙05°K it varies slightly with height. The value ofkvaries little between 1∙2 and 3∙8°K, and it has been shown that the film is essentially the same above and below theλ-point. This confirms the theories of the film which are based primarily on van der Waals’s forces of attraction, and it seems clear that the existence of the film is not connected with theλ-phenomenon. Below theλ-point a thin layer of solid air on the metal surface increases the static film thickness enormously. Above theλ-point this phenomenon does not occur, but extreme temperature homogeneity is necessary in order that the film may form. The differences between these results and those of other investigations of the film are discussed.

Bibliography

The thickness of the saturated helium film above and below theλ-point. (1957). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 240(1221), 243–264.

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Dates
Type When
Created 18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 15, 2006, 4:38 p.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 8, 2024, 9:53 p.m.)
Indexed 1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 2, 2025, 11:16 a.m.)
Issued 68 years, 3 months ago (May 21, 1957)
Published 68 years, 3 months ago (May 21, 1957)
Published Online 28 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1997)
Published Print 68 years, 3 months ago (May 21, 1957)
Funders 0

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@article{1957, volume={240}, ISSN={2053-9169}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1957.0080}, DOI={10.1098/rspa.1957.0080}, number={1221}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, year={1957}, month=may, pages={243–264} }