DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1956.0029. The tensile properties of single crystals of high-purity iron at temperatures from 100 to ─253°C

The tensile properties of single crystals of high-purity iron at temperatures from 100 to ─253°C

10.1098/rspa.1956.0029

Crossref journal-article

The Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences (175)

Abstract

An account is given of the deformation and fracture characteristics of single crystals of high-purity iron of various orientations when tested in tension at temperatures from 100 to ─253°C. At temperatures down to ─124°C, the crystals were fully ductile, giving chisel-edge fractures and 100% reduction in area. At ─196°C, depending on the orientation of the stress axis, the behaviour covered the whole range from fully ductile with 100% reduction in area to completely brittle with cleavage fractures and no apparent deformation. Between these limits, mixtures of slip, twinning and cleavage were obtained. At ─253°C, the crystals gave cleavage fractures, and, over most of the orientation range studied, this occurred without prior deformation. It is shown that the resolved shear stresses required to produce slip or twinning at ─196°C vary with the orientation; in particular, the values are higher for orientations within 20 to 25° of the [001] than elsewhere in the unit triangle, and these values are not reached in this region before failure occurs by cleavage. A mechanism is put forward to explain this in terms of ‘locking’ of dislocations. The cleavage strength resolved normal to the cleavage plane is not constant with change in temperature, as is commonly supposed, but is substantially higher at ─253°C than at ─196°C.

Bibliography

The tensile properties of single crystals of high-purity iron at temperatures from 100 to â253Â°C. (1956). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 234(1197), 221â246.

Authors 0

None

References 23 Referenced 60

Auld J. H. & Greenough G. B. 1954 A ctaMet. 2 209. (10.1016/0001-6160(54)90161-3)
Barrett C. S. 1948 Cold working of metals p. 65. Amer. Soc. Metals.
Calnan E. A. & Clews C. J. B. 1951 Phil. M ag. (7) 42 616. (10.1080/14786445108561277)
Cottrell A. H . 1952 Phil. M ag. 43 645. (10.1080/14786440608520220)
Cottrell A. H . 1954 Birmingham Conference.
10.1080/14786445108561272
10.1007/BF01342203
Farmer M. H . & Glaysher G. H . 1953 J .
Frank F. C. 1949 Physica 15 .131.
{'key': 'p_10', 'first-page': '170', 'article-title': 'Nature', 'volume': '171', 'author': 'Greenough G. B.', 'year': '1953', 'journal-title': 'Lond.'} / Lond. / Nature by Greenough G. B. (1953)
Heidenreich R. D. & Shockley W. 1948 Report on strength of solids p. 57. London: Physical Society.
{'key': 'p_12', 'first-page': '377', 'article-title': 'Iron St', 'volume': '168', 'author': 'Hopkins B. E .', 'year': '1951', 'journal-title': 'Inst.'} / Inst. / Iron St by Hopkins B. E . (1951)
Kenyon R. L. & Burns R. S. 1940 Age hardening of metals p. 262. Amer. Soc. Metals.
10.1080/14786444108561389
Opinsky A. & Smoluchowski R. 1951 J . A ppl. Phys. 22 1380; 22 1488. (10.1063/1.1699897)
{'key': 'p_16', 'first-page': '319', 'article-title': 'J . Iron St. Inst', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Pfeil L. B.', 'year': '1926', 'journal-title': 'Carnegie Schol. Mem.'} / Carnegie Schol. Mem. / J . Iron St. Inst by Pfeil L. B. (1926)
{'key': 'p_17', 'first-page': '1009', 'volume': '200', 'author': 'Rosi F. D.', 'year': '1954', 'journal-title': 'Trans. Amer. Inst. M in. (MetaU.) Engrs'} / Trans. Amer. Inst. M in. (MetaU.) Engrs by Rosi F. D. (1954)
Schmid E. & Boas W. 1950 P lasticity of crystals. London: F. A. Hughes.
Seeger A. 1955 Bristol Conference on Defects in Crystalline Solids p. 328. London: Physical Society.
{'key': 'p_20', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Proc. Roy', 'volume': '118', 'author': 'Taylor G. I.', 'year': '1928', 'journal-title': 'Soc. A'} / Soc. A / Proc. Roy by Taylor G. I. (1928)
{'key': 'p_21', 'first-page': '337', 'article-title': 'Proc. Roy', 'volume': '112', 'author': 'Taylor G. I.', 'year': '1926', 'journal-title': 'Soc. A'} / Soc. A / Proc. Roy by Taylor G. I. (1926)
{'key': 'p_22', 'first-page': '9', 'article-title': 'J', 'volume': '175', 'author': 'Tipper C. F .', 'year': '1953', 'journal-title': 'Iron St. Inst.'} / Iron St. Inst. / J by Tipper C. F . (1953)
{'key': 'p_23', 'first-page': '700', 'volume': '197', 'author': 'Vogel F. L.', 'year': '1953', 'journal-title': 'Trans. Amer. Inst. M in. (M etall.) Engrs'} / Trans. Amer. Inst. M in. (M etall.) Engrs by Vogel F. L. (1953)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 18, 2006, 5:59 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 18, 2021, 6:20 p.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 19 hours ago (Aug. 19, 2025, 6:48 a.m.)
Issued	69 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 7, 1956)
Published	69 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 7, 1956)
Published Online	28 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1997)
Published Print	69 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 7, 1956)

Funders 0

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BibTeX

@article{1956, volume={234}, ISSN={2053-9169}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0029}, DOI={10.1098/rspa.1956.0029}, number={1197}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, year={1956}, month=feb, pages={221–246} }

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