DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-1420. <i>Cladosporium fulvum</i> Avr4 Protects Fungal Cell Walls Against Hydrolysis by Plant Chitinases Accumulating During Infection

Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 Protects Fungal Cell Walls Against Hydrolysis by Plant Chitinases Accumulating During Infection

10.1094/mpmi-19-1420

Crossref journal-article

Scientific Societies

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® (1665)

Abstract

Resistance against the leaf mold fungus Cladosporium fulvum is mediated by the tomato Cf proteins which belong to the class of receptor-like proteins and indirectly recognize extracellular avirulence proteins (Avrs) of the fungus. Apart from triggering disease resistance, Avrs are believed to play a role in pathogenicity or virulence of C. fulvum. Here, we report on the avirulence protein Avr4, which is a chitin-binding lectin containing an invertebrate chitin-binding domain (CBM14). This domain is found in many eukaryotes, but has not yet been described in fungal or plant genomes. We found that interaction of Avr4 with chitin is specific, because it does not interact with other cell wall polysaccharides. Avr4 binds to chitin oligomers with a minimal length of three N-acetyl glucosamine residues. In vitro, Avr4 protects chitin against hydrolysis by plant chitinases. Avr4 also binds to chitin in cell walls of the fungi Trichoderma viride and Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli and protects these fungi against normally deleterious concentrations of plant chitinases. In situ fluorescence studies showed that Avr4 also binds to cell walls of C. fulvum during infection of tomato, where it most likely protects the fungus against tomato chitinases, suggesting that Avr4 is a counter-defensive virulence factor.

Bibliography

van den Burg, H. A., Harrison, S. J., Joosten, M. H. A. J., Vervoort, J., & de Wit, P. J. G. M. (2006). Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 Protects Fungal Cell Walls Against Hydrolysis by Plant Chitinases Accumulating During Infection. Molecular Plant-Microbe InteractionsÂ®, 19(12), 1420â1430.

Authors 5

Harrold A. van den Burg (first)
Stuart J. Harrison (additional)
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten (additional)
Jacques Vervoort (additional)
Pierre J. G. M. de Wit (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 3 months ago (May 11, 2007, 5:38 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 29, 2021, 2:19 p.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 15 hours ago (Sept. 4, 2025, 10:14 a.m.)
Issued	18 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 2006)
Published	18 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 2006)
Published Print	18 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 2006)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{van_den_Burg_2006, title={Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 Protects Fungal Cell Walls Against Hydrolysis by Plant Chitinases Accumulating During Infection}, volume={19}, ISSN={1943-7706}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-19-1420}, DOI={10.1094/mpmi-19-1420}, number={12}, journal={Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={van den Burg, Harrold A. and Harrison, Stuart J. and Joosten, Matthieu H. A. J. and Vervoort, Jacques and de Wit, Pierre J. G. M.}, year={2006}, month=dec, pages={1420–1430} }

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