DOI: 10.1093/genetics/148.4.1539. The Roles of the Bacteriophage T4 r Genes in Lysis Inhibition and Fine-Structure Genetics: A New Perspective

The Roles of the Bacteriophage T4 r Genes in Lysis Inhibition and Fine-Structure Genetics: A New Perspective

10.1093/genetics/148.4.1539

Crossref journal-article

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Genetics (286)

Abstract

Abstract Seldom has the study of a set of genes contributed more to our understanding of molecular genetics than has the characterization of the rapid-lysis genes of bacteriophage T4. For example, T4 rII mutants were used to define gene structure and mutagen effects at the molecular level and to help unravel the genetic code. The large-plaque morphology of these mutants reflects a block in expressing lysis inhibition (LIN), the ability to delay lysis for several hours in response to sensing external related phages attacking the cell, which is a unique and highly adaptive attribute of the T4 family of phages. However, surprisingly little is known about the mechanism of LIN, or how the various r genes affect its expression. Here, we review the extensive old literature about the r genes and the lysis process and try to sort out the major players affecting lysis inhibition. We confirm that superinfection can induce lysis inhibition even while infected cells are lysing, suggesting that the signal response is virtually instantaneous and thus probably the result of post-translational regulation. We identify the rI gene as ORF tk.–2, based on sequence analysis of canonical rI mutants. The rI gene encodes a peptide of 97 amino acids (Mr = 11.1 kD; pI = 4.8) that probably is secreted into the periplasmic space. This gene is widely conserved among T-even phage. We then present a model for LIN, postulating that rI is largely responsible for regulating the gpt holin protein in response to superinfection. The evidence suggests that the rIIA and B genes are not directly involved in lysis inhibition; rather, when they are absent, an alternate pathway for lysis develops which depends on the presence of genes from any of several possible prophages and is not sensitive to lysis inhibition.

Bibliography

Paddison, P., Abedon, S. T., Dressman, H. K., Gailbreath, K., Tracy, J., Mosser, E., Neitzel, J., Guttman, B., & Kutter, E. (1998). The Roles of the Bacteriophage T4 r Genes in Lysis Inhibition and Fine-Structure Genetics: A New Perspective. Genetics, 148(4), 1539â1550.

Authors 9

Patrick Paddison (first)
Stephen T Abedon (additional)
Holly Kloos Dressman (additional)
Katherine Gailbreath (additional)
Julia Tracy (additional)
Eric Mosser (additional)
James Neitzel (additional)
Burton Guttman (additional)
Elizabeth Kutter (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	4 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 12, 2021, 6:53 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 3, 2022, 3:48 a.m.)
Indexed	3 months, 3 weeks ago (May 5, 2025, 12:31 p.m.)
Issued	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)
Published	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)
Published Online	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)
Published Print	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Paddison_1998, title={The Roles of the Bacteriophage T4 r Genes in Lysis Inhibition and Fine-Structure Genetics: A New Perspective}, volume={148}, ISSN={1943-2631}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/148.4.1539}, DOI={10.1093/genetics/148.4.1539}, number={4}, journal={Genetics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Paddison, Patrick and Abedon, Stephen T and Dressman, Holly Kloos and Gailbreath, Katherine and Tracy, Julia and Mosser, Eric and Neitzel, James and Guttman, Burton and Kutter, Elizabeth}, year={1998}, month=apr, pages={1539–1550} }

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