DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.3.551. Positive Regulation of Wee1 by Chk1 and 14-3-3 Proteins

Positive Regulation of Wee1 by Chk1 and 14-3-3 Proteins

10.1091/mbc.12.3.551

Crossref journal-article

American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)

Molecular Biology of the Cell (1076)

Abstract

Wee1 inactivates the Cdc2–cyclin B complex during interphase by phosphorylating Cdc2 on Tyr-15. The activity of Wee1 is highly regulated during the cell cycle. In frog egg extracts, it has been established previously that Xenopus Wee1 (Xwee1) is present in a hypophosphorylated, active form during interphase and undergoes down-regulation by extensive phosphorylation at M-phase. We report that Xwee1 is also regulated by association with 14-3-3 proteins. Binding of 14-3-3 to Xwee1 occurs during interphase, but not M-phase, and requires phosphorylation of Xwee1 on Ser-549. A mutant of Xwee1 (S549A) that cannot bind 14-3-3 is substantially less active than wild-type Xwee1 in its ability to phosphorylate Cdc2. This mutation also affects the intranuclear distribution of Xwee1. In cell-free kinase assays, Xchk1 phosphorylates Xwee1 on Ser-549. The results of experiments in which Xwee1, Xchk1, or both were immunodepleted fromXenopus egg extracts suggested that these two enzymes are involved in a common pathway in the DNA replication checkpoint response. Replacement of endogenous Xwee1 with recombinant Xwee1-S549A in egg extracts attenuated the cell cycle delay induced by addition of excess recombinant Xchk1. Taken together, these results suggest that Xchk1 and 14-3-3 proteins act together as positive regulators of Xwee1.

Bibliography

Lee, J., Kumagai, A., & Dunphy, W. G. (2001). Positive Regulation of Wee1 by Chk1 and 14-3-3 Proteins. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 12(3), 551â563.

Authors 3

Joon Lee (first)
Akiko Kumagai (additional)
William G. Dunphy (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	12 years, 2 months ago (July 2, 2013, 8:09 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 26, 2022, 9:44 p.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks ago (Aug. 19, 2025, 6:42 a.m.)
Issued	24 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2001)
Published	24 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2001)
Published Print	24 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2001)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Lee_2001, title={Positive Regulation of Wee1 by Chk1 and 14-3-3 Proteins}, volume={12}, ISSN={1939-4586}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.3.551}, DOI={10.1091/mbc.12.3.551}, number={3}, journal={Molecular Biology of the Cell}, publisher={American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)}, author={Lee, Joon and Kumagai, Akiko and Dunphy, William G.}, editor={Hunt, Tim}, year={2001}, month=mar, pages={551–563} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:p>Wee1 inactivates the Cdc2\u2013cyclin B complex during interphase by phosphorylating Cdc2 on Tyr-15. The activity of Wee1 is highly regulated during the cell cycle. In frog egg extracts, it has been established previously that Xenopus Wee1 (Xwee1) is present in a hypophosphorylated, active form during interphase and undergoes down-regulation by extensive phosphorylation at M-phase. We report that Xwee1 is also regulated by association with 14-3-3 proteins. Binding of 14-3-3 to Xwee1 occurs during interphase, but not M-phase, and requires phosphorylation of Xwee1 on Ser-549. A mutant of Xwee1 (S549A) that cannot bind 14-3-3 is substantially less active than wild-type Xwee1 in its ability to phosphorylate Cdc2. This mutation also affects the intranuclear distribution of Xwee1. In cell-free kinase assays, Xchk1 phosphorylates Xwee1 on Ser-549. The results of experiments in which Xwee1, Xchk1, or both were immunodepleted fromXenopus egg extracts suggested that these two enzymes are involved in a common pathway in the DNA replication checkpoint response. Replacement of endogenous Xwee1 with recombinant Xwee1-S549A in egg extracts attenuated the cell cycle delay induced by addition of excess recombinant Xchk1. Taken together, these results suggest that Xchk1 and 14-3-3 proteins act together as positive regulators of Xwee1.</jats:p>",
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