DOI: 10.1084/jem.193.6.671. A Dendritic Cell–Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3–Grabbing Nonintegrin (Dc-Sign)–Related Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection

A Dendritic Cell–Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3–Grabbing Nonintegrin (Dc-Sign)–Related Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection

10.1084/jem.193.6.671

Crossref journal-article

Rockefeller University Press

The Journal of Experimental Medicine (291)

Abstract

The discovery of dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3–grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) as a DC-specific ICAM-3 binding receptor that enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans has indicated a potentially important role for adhesion molecules in AIDS pathogenesis. A related molecule called DC-SIGNR exhibits 77% amino acid sequence identity with DC-SIGN. The DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genes map within a 30-kb region on chromosome 19p13.2-3. Their strong homology and close physical location indicate a recent duplication of the original gene. Messenger RNA and protein expression patterns demonstrate that the DC-SIGN–related molecule is highly expressed on liver sinusoidal cells and in the lymph node but not on DCs, in contrast to DC-SIGN. Therefore, we suggest that a more appropriate name for the DC-SIGN–related molecule is L-SIGN, liver/lymph node–specific ICAM-3–grabbing nonintegrin. We show that in the liver, L-SIGN is expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells. Functional studies indicate that L-SIGN behaves similarly to DC-SIGN in that it has a high affinity for ICAM-3, captures HIV-1 through gp120 binding, and enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans. We propose that L-SIGN may play an important role in the interaction between liver sinusoidal endothelium and trafficking lymphocytes, as well as function in the pathogenesis of HIV-1.

Bibliography

Bashirova, A. A., Geijtenbeek, T. B. H., van Duijnhoven, G. C. F., van Vliet, S. J., Eilering, J. B. G., Martin, M. P., Wu, L., Martin, T. D., Viebig, N., Knolle, P. A., KewalRamani, V. N., van Kooyk, Y., & Carrington, M. (2001). A Dendritic CellâSpecific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3âGrabbing Nonintegrin (Dc-Sign)âRelated Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 193(6), 671â678.

Authors 13

Arman A. Bashirova (first)
Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeek (additional)
Gerard C.F. van Duijnhoven (additional)
Sandra J. van Vliet (additional)
Jeroen B.G. Eilering (additional)
Maureen P. Martin (additional)
Li Wu (additional)
Thomas D. Martin (additional)
Nicola Viebig (additional)
Percy A. Knolle (additional)
Vineet N. KewalRamani (additional)
Yvette van Kooyk (additional)
Mary Carrington (additional)

References 24 Referenced 300

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80694-7 / Cell / DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells by Geijtenbeek (2000)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80693-5 / Cell. / Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses by Geijtenbeek (2000)
10.1073/pnas.89.17.8356 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. / Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 by Curtis (1992)
10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00004-9 / Gene. / Selection of cDNAs encoding putative type II membrane proteins on the cell surface from a human full-length cDNA bank by Yokoyama-Kobayashi (1999)
10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.2937 / J. Immunol. / DC-SIGN, a related gene DC-SIGNR, and CD23 form a cluster on 19p13 by Soilleux (2000)
10.1016/0003-2697(92)90185-A / Anal. Biochem. / One-hour downward alkaline capillary transfer for blotting of DNA and RNA by Chomczynski (1992)
10.1084/jem.179.4.1109 / J. Exp. Med / Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor α by Sallusto (1994)
10.1084/jem.180.1.83 / J. Exp. Med. / Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood by Romani (1994)
10.1091/mbc.8.4.719 / Mol. Biol. Cell. / Cytoplasmic tails of β1, β2, and β7 integrins differentially regulate LFA-1 function in K562 cells by Lub (1997)
10.1128/JVI.72.9.6988-6996.1998 / J. Virol. / Neutralization profiles of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in the context of coreceptor usage by Cecilia (1998)
10.1182/blood.V94.2.754 / Blood. / High frequency of adhesion defects in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Geijtenbeek (1999)
10.1089/10430340050015941 / Hum. Gene Ther. / Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are not permissive for adenovirus type 5 by Hegenbarth (2000)
10.1128/JVI.72.4.2600-2606.1998 / J. Virol. / Glucagon treatment interferes with an early step of duck hepatitis B virus infection by Hild (1998)
10.1006/viro.1995.1016 / Virology. / Vpr is required for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in mononuclear phagocytes by Connor (1995)
10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017408.x / Immunol. Rev. / Local control of the immune response in the liver by Knolle (2000)
10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6800 / J. Immunol. / Macrophage recognition of ICAM-3 on apoptotic leukocytes by Moffatt (1999)
10.1084/jem.169.1.185 / J. Exp. Med. / A human serum mannose-binding protein inhibits in vitro infection by the human immunodeficiency virus by Ezekowitz (1989)
10.1089/aid.1992.8.27 / AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. / Lectin-carbohydrate interactions and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by Gattegno (1992)
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38907.x / Ann. NY Acad. Sci. / Lectin effects on HIV-1 infectivity by Hammar (1994)
10.1099/0022-1317-81-4-949 / J. Gen. Virol. / Interaction of mannose-binding lectin with primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by Saifuddin (2000)
10.1111/j.1349-7006.1992.tb01950.x / Jpn. J. Cancer Res. / Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection by human conglutinin-like proteinin vitro studies by Ushijima (1992)
10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2391 / J. Immunol. / The mannose receptor mediates induction of IFN-α in peripheral blood dendritic cells by enveloped RNA and DNA viruses by Milone (1998)
10.1073/pnas.89.5.1582 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. / Primary cultures of endothelial cells from the human liver sinusoid are permissive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by Steffan (1992)
10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80579-3 / J. Hepatol. / Presence of HIV-1 in human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells in vivo by Housset (1993)

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 26, 2002, 12:48 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 2023, 6:48 a.m.)
Indexed	3 days, 1 hour ago (Sept. 3, 2025, 6:32 a.m.)
Issued	24 years, 5 months ago (March 12, 2001)
Published	24 years, 5 months ago (March 12, 2001)
Published Online	24 years, 5 months ago (March 12, 2001)
Published Print	24 years, 5 months ago (March 19, 2001)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Bashirova_2001, title={A Dendritic Cell–Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3–Grabbing Nonintegrin (Dc-Sign)–Related Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection}, volume={193}, ISSN={1540-9538}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.193.6.671}, DOI={10.1084/jem.193.6.671}, number={6}, journal={The Journal of Experimental Medicine}, publisher={Rockefeller University Press}, author={Bashirova, Arman A. and Geijtenbeek, Teunis B.H. and van Duijnhoven, Gerard C.F. and van Vliet, Sandra J. and Eilering, Jeroen B.G. and Martin, Maureen P. and Wu, Li and Martin, Thomas D. and Viebig, Nicola and Knolle, Percy A. and KewalRamani, Vineet N. and van Kooyk, Yvette and Carrington, Mary}, year={2001}, month=mar, pages={671–678} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        9,
        3
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-09-03T10:32:01Z",
    "timestamp": 1756895521050
  },
  "reference-count": 24,
  "publisher": "Rockefeller University Press",
  "issue": "6",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "rupress.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        19
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>The discovery of dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3\u2013grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) as a DC-specific ICAM-3 binding receptor that enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans has indicated a potentially important role for adhesion molecules in AIDS pathogenesis. A related molecule called DC-SIGNR exhibits 77% amino acid sequence identity with DC-SIGN. The DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genes map within a 30-kb region on chromosome 19p13.2-3. Their strong homology and close physical location indicate a recent duplication of the original gene. Messenger RNA and protein expression patterns demonstrate that the DC-SIGN\u2013related molecule is highly expressed on liver sinusoidal cells and in the lymph node but not on DCs, in contrast to DC-SIGN. Therefore, we suggest that a more appropriate name for the DC-SIGN\u2013related molecule is L-SIGN, liver/lymph node\u2013specific ICAM-3\u2013grabbing nonintegrin. We show that in the liver, L-SIGN is expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells. Functional studies indicate that L-SIGN behaves similarly to DC-SIGN in that it has a high affinity for ICAM-3, captures HIV-1 through gp120 binding, and enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans. We propose that L-SIGN may play an important role in the interaction between liver sinusoidal endothelium and trafficking lymphocytes, as well as function in the pathogenesis of HIV-1.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1084/jem.193.6.671",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-26T16:48:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1027702113000
  },
  "page": "671-678",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.crossmarkpolicy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 300,
  "title": "A Dendritic Cell\u2013Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3\u2013Grabbing Nonintegrin (Dc-Sign)\u2013Related Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection",
  "prefix": "10.1084",
  "volume": "193",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Arman A.",
      "family": "Bashirova",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "aLaboratory of Genomic Diversity, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick,"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Teunis B.H.",
      "family": "Geijtenbeek",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "dTumor Immunology Department, University Medical Center St. Radbound, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Gerard C.F.",
      "family": "van Duijnhoven",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "dTumor Immunology Department, University Medical Center St. Radbound, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Sandra J.",
      "family": "van Vliet",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "dTumor Immunology Department, University Medical Center St. Radbound, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Jeroen B.G.",
      "family": "Eilering",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "dTumor Immunology Department, University Medical Center St. Radbound, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Maureen P.",
      "family": "Martin",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "bIntramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick,"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Li",
      "family": "Wu",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "cHIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas D.",
      "family": "Martin",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "cHIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Nicola",
      "family": "Viebig",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "eZentrum f\u00fcr Moleculare Biologie Heidelberg (ZMBH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Percy A.",
      "family": "Knolle",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "eZentrum f\u00fcr Moleculare Biologie Heidelberg (ZMBH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Vineet N.",
      "family": "KewalRamani",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "cHIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Yvette",
      "family": "van Kooyk",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "dTumor Immunology Department, University Medical Center St. Radbound, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Mary",
      "family": "Carrington",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "bIntramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick,"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "291",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "587",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80694-7",
      "article-title": "DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "Geijtenbeek",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "575",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80693-5",
      "article-title": "Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "Geijtenbeek",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8356",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.89.17.8356",
      "article-title": "Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Curtis",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "161",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00004-9",
      "article-title": "Selection of cDNAs encoding putative type II membrane proteins on the cell surface from a human full-length cDNA bank",
      "volume": "228",
      "author": "Yokoyama-Kobayashi",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Gene."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2937",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.2937",
      "article-title": "DC-SIGN, a related gene DC-SIGNR, and CD23 form a cluster on 19p13",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Soilleux",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J. Immunol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "134",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0003-2697(92)90185-A",
      "article-title": "One-hour downward alkaline capillary transfer for blotting of DNA and RNA",
      "volume": "201",
      "author": "Chomczynski",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Anal. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1109",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.179.4.1109",
      "article-title": "Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor \u03b1",
      "volume": "179",
      "author": "Sallusto",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "83",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.180.1.83",
      "article-title": "Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood",
      "volume": "180",
      "author": "Romani",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "719",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.8.4.719",
      "article-title": "Cytoplasmic tails of \u03b21, \u03b22, and \u03b27 integrins differentially regulate LFA-1 function in K562 cells",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Lub",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6988",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.72.9.6988-6996.1998",
      "article-title": "Neutralization profiles of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in the context of coreceptor usage",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Cecilia",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "754",
      "DOI": "10.1182/blood.V94.2.754",
      "article-title": "High frequency of adhesion defects in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Geijtenbeek",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Blood."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "481",
      "DOI": "10.1089/10430340050015941",
      "article-title": "Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are not permissive for adenovirus type 5",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Hegenbarth",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Hum. Gene Ther."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2600",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.72.4.2600-2606.1998",
      "article-title": "Glucagon treatment interferes with an early step of duck hepatitis B virus infection",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Hild",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "935",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1995.1016",
      "article-title": "Vpr is required for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in mononuclear phagocytes",
      "volume": "206",
      "author": "Connor",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Virology."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "21",
      "DOI": "10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017408.x",
      "article-title": "Local control of the immune response in the liver",
      "volume": "174",
      "author": "Knolle",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Immunol. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6800",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6800",
      "article-title": "Macrophage recognition of ICAM-3 on apoptotic leukocytes",
      "volume": "162",
      "author": "Moffatt",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J. Immunol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "185",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.169.1.185",
      "article-title": "A human serum mannose-binding protein inhibits in vitro infection by the human immunodeficiency virus",
      "volume": "169",
      "author": "Ezekowitz",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "27",
      "DOI": "10.1089/aid.1992.8.27",
      "article-title": "Lectin-carbohydrate interactions and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Gattegno",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "166",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38907.x",
      "article-title": "Lectin effects on HIV-1 infectivity",
      "volume": "724",
      "author": "Hammar",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Ann. NY Acad. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "949",
      "DOI": "10.1099/0022-1317-81-4-949",
      "article-title": "Interaction of mannose-binding lectin with primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1",
      "volume": "81",
      "author": "Saifuddin",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J. Gen. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "458",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1349-7006.1992.tb01950.x",
      "article-title": "Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection by human conglutinin-like proteinin vitro studies",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "Ushijima",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Jpn. J. Cancer Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2391",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2391",
      "article-title": "The mannose receptor mediates induction of IFN-\u03b1 in peripheral blood dendritic cells by enveloped RNA and DNA viruses",
      "volume": "161",
      "author": "Milone",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J. Immunol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1582",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.89.5.1582",
      "article-title": "Primary cultures of endothelial cells from the human liver sinusoid are permissive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Steffan",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072509354798100_R24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "252",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80579-3",
      "article-title": "Presence of HIV-1 in human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells in vivo",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Housset",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Hepatol."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "The Journal of Experimental Medicine",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/193/6/671/1701020/002121.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/193/6/671/1701020/002121.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        7,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-07-25T10:48:06Z",
    "timestamp": 1690282086000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://rupress.org/jem/article/193/6/671/25985/A-Dendritic-Cell-Specific-Intercellular-Adhesion"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 24,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2001,
          3,
          19
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.193.6.671",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0022-1007",
    "1540-9538"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        12
      ]
    ]
  }
}