DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200706012. Actin–myosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility

Actin–myosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility

10.1083/jcb.200706012

Crossref journal-article

Rockefeller University Press

The Journal of Cell Biology (291)

Abstract

We have analyzed the spontaneous symmetry breaking and initiation of actin-based motility in keratocytes (fish epithelial cells). In stationary keratocytes, the actin network flow was inwards and radially symmetric. Immediately before motility initiation, the actin network flow increased at the prospective cell rear and reoriented in the perinuclear region, aligning with the prospective axis of movement. Changes in actin network flow at the cell front were detectable only after cell polarization. Inhibition of myosin II or Rho kinase disrupted actin network organization and flow in the perinuclear region and decreased the motility initiation frequency, whereas increasing myosin II activity with calyculin A increased the motility initiation frequency. Local stimulation of myosin activity in stationary cells by the local application of calyculin A induced directed motility initiation away from the site of stimulation. Together, these results indicate that large-scale actin–myosin network reorganization and contractility at the cell rear initiate spontaneous symmetry breaking and polarized motility of keratocytes.

Bibliography

Yam, P. T., Wilson, C. A., Ji, L., Hebert, B., Barnhart, E. L., Dye, N. A., Wiseman, P. W., Danuser, G., & Theriot, J. A. (2007). Actinâmyosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility. The Journal of Cell Biology, 178(7), 1207â1221.

Authors 9

Patricia T. Yam (first)
Cyrus A. Wilson (additional)
Lin Ji (additional)
Benedict Hebert (additional)
Erin L. Barnhart (additional)
Natalie A. Dye (additional)
Paul W. Wiseman (additional)
Gaudenz Danuser (additional)
Julie A. Theriot (additional)

References 46 Referenced 250

10.1083/jcb.134.5.1209 / J. Cell Biol. (1996)
10.1038/nature03550 / Nature. (2005)
10.1083/jcb.81.3.684 / J. Cell Biol. (1979)
10.1083/jcb.117.4.765 / J. Cell Biol. (1992)
10.1242/jcs.108.3.1239 / J. Cell Sci. (1995)
10.1002/cm.970260309 / Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. (1993)
10.1038/310058a0 / Nature. (1984)
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(199909)44:1<44::AID-CM4>3.0.CO;2-0 / Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. (1999)
10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.05.001 / Exp. Cell Res. (2005)
10.1529/biophysj.104.054874 / Biophys. J. (2005)
10.1002/cm.10149 / Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. (2003)
10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01522.x / J. Microsc. (2005)
10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0860 / Mol. Biol. Cell. (2005)
10.1007/BF00133570 / Int. J. Comp. Vision. (1988)
10.1128/MCB.18.7.4131 / Mol. Cell. Biol. (1998)
10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0747 / Mol. Biol. Cell. (2004)
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050233 / PLoS Biol. (2007)
10.1038/362167a0 / Nature. (1993)
10.1529/biophysj.105.070383 / Biophys. J. (2006)
10.1083/jcb.200203038 / J. Cell Biol. (2002)
10.1140/epje/i2003-10073-y / Eur. Phys. J. E. Soft Matter. (2004)
10.1126/science.287.5455.1037 / Science. (2000)
10.1126/science.1081412 / Science. (2003)
10.1083/jcb.139.2.397 / J. Cell Biol. (1997)
10.1083/jcb.114.3.503 / J. Cell Biol. (1991)
10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78209-2 / Biophys. J. (1997)
10.1016/S0165-0270(99)00112-0 / J. Neurosci. Methods. (1999)
10.1038/352126a0 / Nature. (1991)
10.1083/jcb.150.4.797 / J. Cell Biol. (2000)
10.1073/pnas.0300552101 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. (2004)
10.1091/mbc.e04-07-0615 / Mol. Biol. Cell. (2005)
10.1073/pnas.0502121102 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. (2005)
10.1038/70281 / Nat. Cell Biol. (1999)
10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80042-6 / Curr. Biol. (1999)
10.1016/j.tcb.2004.12.006 / Trends Cell Biol. (2005)
10.1038/9018 / Nat. Cell Biol. (1999)
10.1038/10042 / Nat. Cell Biol. (1999)
10.1038/ncb811 / Nat. Cell Biol. (2002)
10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1128>3.0.CO;2-B / Int. J. Cancer. (2001)
10.1109/TIP.2006.873434 / IEEE Trans. Image Process. (2006)
10.1242/jcs.01416 / J. Cell Sci. (2004)
10.1109/83.661186 / IEEE Trans. Image Proc. (1998)
10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00555-5 / Cell. (2003)
10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0509 / Mol. Biol. Cell. (2004)
10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00754-2 / Neuron. (2003)
10.1083/jcb.89.3.585 / J. Cell Biol. (1981)

Dates

Type	When
Created	17 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 2007, 2:28 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 1 month ago (July 22, 2023, 12:46 a.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks, 2 days ago (July 28, 2025, 2:31 a.m.)
Issued	17 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 2007)
Published	17 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 2007)
Published Online	17 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 2007)
Published Print	17 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 24, 2007)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Yam_2007, title={Actin–myosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility}, volume={178}, ISSN={0021-9525}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200706012}, DOI={10.1083/jcb.200706012}, number={7}, journal={The Journal of Cell Biology}, publisher={Rockefeller University Press}, author={Yam, Patricia T. and Wilson, Cyrus A. and Ji, Lin and Hebert, Benedict and Barnhart, Erin L. and Dye, Natalie A. and Wiseman, Paul W. and Danuser, Gaudenz and Theriot, Julie A.}, year={2007}, month=sep, pages={1207–1221} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        28
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-28T06:31:25Z",
    "timestamp": 1753684285038
  },
  "reference-count": 46,
  "publisher": "Rockefeller University Press",
  "issue": "7",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "rupress.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>We have analyzed the spontaneous symmetry breaking and initiation of actin-based motility in keratocytes (fish epithelial cells). In stationary keratocytes, the actin network flow was inwards and radially symmetric. Immediately before motility initiation, the actin network flow increased at the prospective cell rear and reoriented in the perinuclear region, aligning with the prospective axis of movement. Changes in actin network flow at the cell front were detectable only after cell polarization. Inhibition of myosin II or Rho kinase disrupted actin network organization and flow in the perinuclear region and decreased the motility initiation frequency, whereas increasing myosin II activity with calyculin A increased the motility initiation frequency. Local stimulation of myosin activity in stationary cells by the local application of calyculin A induced directed motility initiation away from the site of stimulation. Together, these results indicate that large-scale actin\u2013myosin network reorganization and contractility at the cell rear initiate spontaneous symmetry breaking and polarized motility of keratocytes.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.200706012",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2007-09-24T18:28:23Z",
    "timestamp": 1190658503000
  },
  "page": "1207-1221",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.crossmarkpolicy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 250,
  "title": "Actin\u2013myosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility",
  "prefix": "10.1083",
  "volume": "178",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Patricia T.",
      "family": "Yam",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "1Department of Biochemistry and"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Cyrus A.",
      "family": "Wilson",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "1Department of Biochemistry and"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Lin",
      "family": "Ji",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "3Laboratory for Computational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Benedict",
      "family": "Hebert",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "4Department of Physics and"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Erin L.",
      "family": "Barnhart",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "1Department of Biochemistry and"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Natalie A.",
      "family": "Dye",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "1Department of Biochemistry and"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Paul W.",
      "family": "Wiseman",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "4Department of Physics and"
        },
        {
          "name": "5Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Gaudenz",
      "family": "Danuser",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "3Laboratory for Computational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Julie A.",
      "family": "Theriot",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "1Department of Biochemistry and"
        },
        {
          "name": "2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "291",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1209",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.134.5.1209",
      "volume": "134",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "365",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature03550",
      "volume": "435",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Nature."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "684",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.81.3.684",
      "volume": "81",
      "year": "1979",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "765",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.117.4.765",
      "volume": "117",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1239",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jcs.108.3.1239",
      "volume": "108",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "262",
      "DOI": "10.1002/cm.970260309",
      "volume": "26",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "58",
      "DOI": "10.1038/310058a0",
      "volume": "310",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Nature."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "44",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(199909)44:1<44::AID-CM4>3.0.CO;2-0",
      "volume": "44",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "422",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.05.001",
      "volume": "308",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Exp. Cell Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3601",
      "DOI": "10.1529/biophysj.104.054874",
      "volume": "88",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Biophys. J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "252",
      "DOI": "10.1002/cm.10149",
      "volume": "56",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "150",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01522.x",
      "volume": "220",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J. Microsc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "507",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0860",
      "volume": "16",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "321",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00133570",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Comp. Vision."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4131",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.18.7.4131",
      "volume": "18",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2164",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0747",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "PLoS Biol.",
      "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0050233"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "167",
      "DOI": "10.1038/362167a0",
      "volume": "362",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Nature."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1439",
      "DOI": "10.1529/biophysj.105.070383",
      "volume": "90",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Biophys. J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "139",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.200203038",
      "volume": "158",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "247",
      "DOI": "10.1140/epje/i2003-10073-y",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Eur. Phys. J. E. Soft Matter."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1037",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.287.5455.1037",
      "volume": "287",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Science."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1743",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1081412",
      "volume": "299",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Science."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "397",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.139.2.397",
      "volume": "139",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "503",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.114.3.503",
      "volume": "114",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1785",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78209-2",
      "volume": "73",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Biophys. J."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "37",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0165-0270(99)00112-0",
      "volume": "93",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J. Neurosci. Methods."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "126",
      "DOI": "10.1038/352126a0",
      "volume": "352",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Nature."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "797",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.150.4.797",
      "volume": "150",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9660",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0300552101",
      "volume": "101",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1223",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.e04-07-0615",
      "volume": "16",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7847",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0502121102",
      "volume": "102",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "493",
      "DOI": "10.1038/70281",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "11",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80042-6",
      "volume": "9",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "76",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.tcb.2004.12.006",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Trends Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "45",
      "DOI": "10.1038/9018",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "75",
      "DOI": "10.1038/10042",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "509",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncb811",
      "volume": "4",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "763",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1128>3.0.CO;2-B",
      "volume": "91",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Cancer."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1939",
      "DOI": "10.1109/TIP.2006.873434",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "IEEE Trans. Image Process."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5521",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jcs.01416",
      "volume": "117",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "359",
      "DOI": "10.1109/83.661186",
      "volume": "7",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "IEEE Trans. Image Proc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "201",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00555-5",
      "volume": "114",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5647",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0509",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Cell."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "931",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00754-2",
      "volume": "40",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Neuron."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023072204440057000_BIB46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "585",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.89.3.585",
      "volume": "89",
      "year": "1981",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "The Journal of Cell Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/178/7/1207/1475774/jcb_200706012.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/178/7/1207/1475774/jcb_200706012.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        7,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-07-22T04:46:26Z",
    "timestamp": 1690001186000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://rupress.org/jcb/article/178/7/1207/44889/Actin-myosin-network-reorganization-breaks"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 46,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "7",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2007,
          9,
          24
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200706012",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1540-8140",
    "0021-9525"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        9,
        24
      ]
    ]
  }
}