DOI: 10.1083/jcb.139.5.1281. Movement of Bax from the Cytosol to Mitochondria during Apoptosis

Movement of Bax from the Cytosol to Mitochondria during Apoptosis

10.1083/jcb.139.5.1281

Crossref journal-article

Rockefeller University Press

The Journal of Cell Biology (291)

Abstract

Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 protein family, accelerates apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. Bax has been recently reported to be an integral membrane protein associated with organelles or bound to organelles by Bcl-2 or a soluble protein found in the cytosol. To explore Bcl-2 family member localization in living cells, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to the NH2 termini of Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL. Confocal microscopy performed on living Cos-7 kidney epithelial cells and L929 fibroblasts revealed that GFP–Bcl-2 and GFP–Bcl-XL had a punctate distribution and colocalized with a mitochondrial marker, whereas GFP–Bax was found diffusely throughout the cytosol. Photobleaching analysis confirmed that GFP–Bax is a soluble protein, in contrast to organelle-bound GFP–Bcl-2. The diffuse localization of GFP–Bax did not change with coexpression of high levels of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL. However, upon induction of apoptosis, GFP–Bax moved intracellularly to a punctate distribution that partially colocalized with mitochondria. Once initiated, this Bax movement was complete within 30 min, before cellular shrinkage or nuclear condensation. Removal of a COOH-terminal hydrophobic domain from GFP–Bax inhibited redistribution during apoptosis and inhibited the death-promoting activity of both Bax and GFP– Bax. These results demonstrate that in cells undergoing apoptosis, an early, dramatic change occurs in the intracellular localization of Bax, and this redistribution of soluble Bax to organelles appears important for Bax to promote cell death.

Bibliography

Wolter, K. G., Hsu, Y.-T., Smith, C. L., Nechushtan, A., Xi, X.-G., & Youle, R. J. (1997). Movement of Bax from the Cytosol to Mitochondria during Apoptosis. The Journal of Cell Biology, 139(5), 1281â1292.

Authors 6

Keith G. Wolter (first)
Yi-Te Hsu (additional)
Carolyn L. Smith (additional)
Amotz Nechushtan (additional)
Xu-Guang Xi (additional)
Richard J. Youle (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 26, 2002, 12:47 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 1 month ago (July 22, 2023, 3:16 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 8, 2025, 9:10 a.m.)
Issued	27 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1997)
Published	27 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1997)
Published Online	27 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1997)
Published Print	27 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 1997)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Wolter_1997, title={Movement of Bax from the Cytosol to Mitochondria during Apoptosis}, volume={139}, ISSN={1540-8140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.5.1281}, DOI={10.1083/jcb.139.5.1281}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Cell Biology}, publisher={Rockefeller University Press}, author={Wolter, Keith G. and Hsu, Yi-Te and Smith, Carolyn L. and Nechushtan, Amotz and Xi, Xu-Guang and Youle, Richard J.}, year={1997}, month=dec, pages={1281–1292} }

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