DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.9.4856. The <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Hrp pathogenicity island has a tripartite mosaic structure composed of a cluster of type III secretion genes bounded by exchangeable effector and conserved effector loci that contribute to parasitic fitness and pathogenicity in plants

The Pseudomonas syringae Hrp pathogenicity island has a tripartite mosaic structure composed of a cluster of type III secretion genes bounded by exchangeable effector and conserved effector loci that contribute to parasitic fitness and pathogenicity in plants

10.1073/pnas.97.9.4856

Crossref journal-article

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (341)

Abstract

The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae is divided into pathovars differing in host specificity, with P. syringae pv. syringae ( Psy ) and P. syringae pv. tomato ( Pto ) representing particularly divergent pathovars. P. syringae hrp / hrc genes encode a type III protein secretion system that appears to translocate Avr and Hop effector proteins into plant cells. DNA sequence analysis of the hrp / hrc regions in Psy 61, Psy B728a, and Pto DC3000 has revealed a Hrp pathogenicity island (Pai) with a tripartite mosaic structure. The hrp / hrc gene cluster is conserved in all three strains and is flanked by a unique exchangeable effector locus (EEL) and a conserved effector locus (CEL). The EELs begin 3 nt downstream of the stop codon of hrpK and end, after 2.5–7.3 kb of dissimilar intervening DNA with tRNA Leu – queA–tgt sequences that are also found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa but without linkage to any Hrp Pai sequences. The EELs encode diverse putative effectors, including HopPsyA (HrmA) in Psy 61 and proteins similar to AvrPphE and the AvrB/AvrC/AvrPphC and AvrBsT/AvrRxv/YopJ protein families in Psy B728a. The EELs also contain mobile genetic element sequences and have a G + C content significantly lower than the rest of the Hrp Pai or the P. syringae genome. The CEL carries at least seven ORFs that are conserved between Psy B728a and Pto DC3000. Deletion of the Pto DC3000 EEL slightly reduces bacterial growth in tomato, whereas deletion of a large portion of the CEL strongly reduces growth and abolishes pathogenicity in tomato.

Bibliography

Alfano, J. R., Charkowski, A. O., Deng, W.-L., Badel, J. L., Petnicki-Ocwieja, T., van Dijk, K., & Collmer, A. (2000). The Pseudomonas syringae Hrp pathogenicity island has a tripartite mosaic structure composed of a cluster of type III secretion genes bounded by exchangeable effector and conserved effector loci that contribute to parasitic fitness and pathogenicity in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(9), 4856â4861.

Authors 7

James R. Alfano (first)
Amy O. Charkowski (additional)
Wen-Ling Deng (additional)
Jorge L. Badel (additional)
Tanja Petnicki-Ocwieja (additional)
Karin van Dijk (additional)
Alan Collmer (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 26, 2002, 10:38 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 2 months ago (June 7, 2022, 1:32 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 2 weeks ago (July 19, 2025, 11:31 p.m.)
Issued	25 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2000)
Published	25 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2000)
Published Online	25 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2000)
Published Print	25 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2000)

Funders 0

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BibTeX

@article{Alfano_2000, title={The Pseudomonas syringae Hrp pathogenicity island has a tripartite mosaic structure composed of a cluster of type III secretion genes bounded by exchangeable effector and conserved effector loci that contribute to parasitic fitness and pathogenicity in plants}, volume={97}, ISSN={1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4856}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.97.9.4856}, number={9}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Alfano, James R. and Charkowski, Amy O. and Deng, Wen-Ling and Badel, Jorge L. and Petnicki-Ocwieja, Tanja and van Dijk, Karin and Collmer, Alan}, year={2000}, month=apr, pages={4856–4861} }

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  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            The plant pathogenic bacterium\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae</jats:italic>\n            is divided into pathovars differing in host specificity, with\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae</jats:italic>\n            pv.\n            <jats:italic>syringae</jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Psy</jats:italic>\n            ) and\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae</jats:italic>\n            pv.\n            <jats:italic>tomato</jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Pto</jats:italic>\n            ) representing particularly divergent pathovars.\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae hrp</jats:italic>\n            /\n            <jats:italic>hrc</jats:italic>\n            genes encode a type III protein secretion system that appears to translocate Avr and Hop effector proteins into plant cells. DNA sequence analysis of the\n            <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic>\n            /\n            <jats:italic>hrc</jats:italic>\n            regions in\n            <jats:italic>Psy</jats:italic>\n            61,\n            <jats:italic>Psy</jats:italic>\n            B728a, and\n            <jats:italic>Pto</jats:italic>\n            DC3000 has revealed a Hrp pathogenicity island (Pai) with a tripartite mosaic structure. The\n            <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic>\n            /\n            <jats:italic>hrc</jats:italic>\n            gene cluster is conserved in all three strains and is flanked by a unique exchangeable effector locus (EEL) and a conserved effector locus (CEL). The EELs begin 3 nt downstream of the stop codon of\n            <jats:italic>hrpK</jats:italic>\n            and end, after 2.5\u20137.3 kb of dissimilar intervening DNA with tRNA\n            <jats:sup>Leu</jats:sup>\n            \u2013\n            <jats:italic>queA\u2013tgt</jats:italic>\n            sequences that are also found in\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</jats:italic>\n            but without linkage to any Hrp Pai sequences. The EELs encode diverse putative effectors, including HopPsyA (HrmA) in\n            <jats:italic>Psy</jats:italic>\n            61 and proteins similar to AvrPphE and the AvrB/AvrC/AvrPphC and AvrBsT/AvrRxv/YopJ protein families in\n            <jats:italic>Psy</jats:italic>\n            B728a. The EELs also contain mobile genetic element sequences and have a G + C content significantly lower than the rest of the Hrp Pai or the\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae</jats:italic>\n            genome. The CEL carries at least seven ORFs that are conserved between\n            <jats:italic>Psy</jats:italic>\n            B728a and\n            <jats:italic>Pto</jats:italic>\n            DC3000. Deletion of the\n            <jats:italic>Pto</jats:italic>\n            DC3000 EEL slightly reduces bacterial growth in tomato, whereas deletion of a large portion of the CEL strongly reduces growth and abolishes pathogenicity in tomato.\n          </jats:p>",
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