DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727. Localization of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 in mammalian retinas

Localization of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 in mammalian retinas

10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727

Crossref journal-article

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (341)

Abstract

Guanylate cyclase-activating proteins (GCAP1 and GCAP2) are thought to mediate the intracellular stimulation of guanylate cyclase (GC) by Ca 2+ , a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors after exposure to light. GCAP1 has been localized to rod and cone outer segments, the sites of phototransduction, and to photoreceptor synaptic terminals and some cone somata. We used in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to localize GCAP2 in human, monkey, and bovine retinas. In human and monkey retinas, the most intense immunolabeling with anti-GCAP2 antibodies was in the cone inner segments, somata, and synaptic terminals and, to a lesser degree, in rod inner segments and inner retinal neurons. In bovine retina, the most intense immunolabeling was in the rod inner segments, with weaker labeling of cone myoids, somata, and synapses. By using a GCAP2-specific antibody in enzymatic assays, we confirmed that GCAP1 but not GCAP2 is the major component that stimulates GC in bovine rod outer segment homogenates. These results suggest that although GCAP1 is involved in the Ca 2+ -sensitive regulation of GC in rod and cone outer segments, GCAP2 may have non-phototransduction functions in photoreceptors and inner retinal neurons.

Bibliography

Otto-Bruc, A., Fariss, R. N., Haeseleer, F., Huang, J., Surgucheva, J. B., Irina, Baehr, W., Milam, A. H., & Palczewski, K. (1997). Localization of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 inâmammalianâretinas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(9), 4727â4732.

Authors 8

Annie Otto-Bruc (first)
Robert N. Fariss (additional)
Françoise Haeseleer (additional)
Jing Huang (additional)
Janina BuczyŁko*, Irina Surgucheva (additional)
Wolfgang Baehr (additional)
Ann H. Milam (additional)
Krzysztof Palczewski (additional)

References 25 Referenced 55

10.1016/0166-2236(96)89624-X
10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10059-X
10.1038/334064a0
10.1073/pnas.91.9.4014
10.1016/0896-6273(94)90449-9
10.1016/0896-6273(92)90035-C
10.1073/pnas.92.12.5535
10.1073/pnas.92.2.602
10.1042/bj3020455
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93021-8
10.1073/pnas.88.11.4746
10.1006/exer.1994.1162
10.1006/prep.1995.1067
10.1242/jcs.109.7.1803
10.1016/0896-6273(94)90355-7
10.1074/jbc.270.42.25200
10.1074/jbc.270.37.22029
10.1074/jbc.271.14.8022
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47393-0
10.1021/bi960752z
10.1016/0014-5793(96)00345-6
S L Semple-Rowland, J Buczyłko, K Palczewski, W Baehr Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 37, S810 (1996). / Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci by Semple-Rowland S L (1996)
10.1038/227680a0
10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60307-6
10.1006/geno.1996.4513

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 26, 2002, 10:43 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 4 months ago (April 13, 2022, 4:03 p.m.)
Indexed	3 months, 1 week ago (May 20, 2025, 10:29 a.m.)
Issued	28 years, 4 months ago (April 29, 1997)
Published	28 years, 4 months ago (April 29, 1997)
Published Online	28 years, 4 months ago (April 29, 1997)
Published Print	28 years, 4 months ago (April 29, 1997)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Otto_Bruc_1997, title={Localization of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 in mammalian retinas}, volume={94}, ISSN={1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727}, number={9}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Otto-Bruc, Annie and Fariss, Robert N. and Haeseleer, Françoise and Huang, Jing and Surgucheva, Janina BuczyŁko*, Irina and Baehr, Wolfgang and Milam, Ann H. and Palczewski, Krzysztof}, year={1997}, month=apr, pages={4727–4732} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        5,
        20
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-05-20T14:29:16Z",
    "timestamp": 1747751356015
  },
  "reference-count": 25,
  "publisher": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
  "issue": "9",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "www.pnas.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1997,
        4,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>\n            Guanylate cyclase-activating proteins (GCAP1 and GCAP2) are thought to mediate the intracellular stimulation of guanylate cyclase (GC) by Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>\n            , a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors after exposure to light. GCAP1 has been localized to rod and cone outer segments, the sites of phototransduction, and to photoreceptor synaptic terminals and some cone somata. We used\n            <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic>\n            hybridization and immunocytochemistry to localize GCAP2 in human, monkey, and bovine retinas. In human and monkey retinas, the most intense immunolabeling with anti-GCAP2 antibodies was in the cone inner segments, somata, and synaptic terminals and, to a lesser degree, in rod inner segments and inner retinal neurons. In bovine retina, the most intense immunolabeling was in the rod inner segments, with weaker labeling of cone myoids, somata, and synapses. By using a GCAP2-specific antibody in enzymatic assays, we confirmed that GCAP1 but not GCAP2 is the major component that stimulates GC in bovine rod outer segment homogenates. These results suggest that although GCAP1 is involved in the Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>\n            -sensitive regulation of GC in rod and cone outer segments, GCAP2 may have non-phototransduction functions in photoreceptors and inner retinal neurons.\n          </jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-26T14:43:20Z",
    "timestamp": 1027694600000
  },
  "page": "4727-4732",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.cm10313",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 55,
  "title": "Localization of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 in\u2009mammalian\u2009retinas",
  "prefix": "10.1073",
  "volume": "94",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Annie",
      "family": "Otto-Bruc",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert N.",
      "family": "Fariss",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Fran\u00e7oise",
      "family": "Haeseleer",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Jing",
      "family": "Huang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Janina Buczy\u0141ko*, Irina",
      "family": "Surgucheva",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Wolfgang",
      "family": "Baehr",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Ann H.",
      "family": "Milam",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Krzysztof",
      "family": "Palczewski",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "341",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1997,
        4,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_1_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0166-2236(96)89624-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10059-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/334064a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.9.4014"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0896-6273(94)90449-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0896-6273(92)90035-C"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.12.5535"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.2.602"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj3020455"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93021-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.88.11.4746"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/exer.1994.1162"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/prep.1995.1067"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jcs.109.7.1803"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0896-6273(94)90355-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.270.42.25200"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.270.37.22029"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.14.8022"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47393-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi960752z"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-5793(96)00345-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_22_2",
      "first-page": "S810",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "Semple-Rowland S L",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "S L Semple-Rowland, J Buczy\u0142ko, K Palczewski, W Baehr Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 37, S810 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/227680a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60307-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_3_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/geno.1996.4513"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2022,
        4,
        13
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2022-04-13T20:03:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1649880213000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1997,
        4,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 25,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "9",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1997,
          4,
          29
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4727",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1997,
        4,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "1997-01-10",
      "order": 0,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "1997-03-03",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "accepted",
      "label": "Accepted",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "1997-04-29",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ]
}