A series of small peptides corresponding to the amino termini of the fibrin α- and β-chains has been synthesized. The peptides glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline and glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginylsarcosine are potent inhibitors of fibrin polymerization. Moreover, these peptides have a natural stability stemming from their inherent resistance to proteolysis because of the involvement of amino acids in each of their peptide bonds. The peptide glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline binds to fibrinogen and to fragment D, in both cases with an association constant of approximately 5 × 10 4 ; it does not bind to fragment E. The number of binding sites is two for fibrinogen and one for fragment D. The tripeptide glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine binds less tightly and is less than half as effective in preventing polymerization. The peptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-arginyl-L-proline, which corresponds exactly to the amino terminus of the fibrin β-chain, does not inhibit the aggregation of fibrin monomers under the conditions used. It does bind weakly to fibrinogen, however, suggesting the involvement of sites other than those binding the α-chain analogues. Various other peptides were found not to inhibit polymerization; these included glycine-L-proline, L-prolyl-L-arginine and glycyl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-L-proline. The last-named corresponds to the serine/arginine amino acid replacement previously reported for a defective human fibrinogen.

Laudano, A. P., & Doolittle, R. F. (1978). Synthetic peptide derivatives that bind to fibrinogen and prevent the polymerization of fibrin monomers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 75(7), 3085–3089.