A human alpha1-antitrypsin variant protein was purified to homogeneity from homozygous variant subjects (Pi-ZZ) who had a deficiency of plasma trypsin inhibitory capacity. Molecular weight, specific trypsin inhibitory capacity, and immunologic activity of the variant protein were identical to those of normal. Amino acids, N-acetylglucosamine, and hexose contents were closely similar in the normal and variant proteins, but the sialic acid content in the variant protein was significantly lower than normal. The structural difference between the normal and the variant alpha1-antitrypsin was elucidated by fingerprinting of their tryptic peptides. Two amino acid substitutions, i.e., glutamic acid in the normal protein to lysine in the variant protein, and glutamic acid in the normal protein to glutamine in the variant protein, were found.

Yoshida, A., Lieberman, J., Gaidulis, L., & Ewing, C. (1976). Molecular abnormality of human alpha1-antitrypsin variant (Pi-ZZ) associated with plasma activity deficiency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 73(4), 1324–1328.