DOI: 10.1073/pnas.231499798. Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems

Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems

10.1073/pnas.231499798

Crossref journal-article

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (341)

Abstract

Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output, is a well known characteristic of the genetic code and immune systems. Here, we point out that degeneracy is a ubiquitous biological property and argue that it is a feature of complexity at genetic, cellular, system, and population levels. Furthermore, it is both necessary for, and an inevitable outcome of, natural selection.

Bibliography

Edelman, G. M., & Gally, J. A. (2001). Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(24), 13763â13768.

Authors 2

Gerald M. Edelman (first)
Joseph A. Gally (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 26, 2002, 10:35 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 4 months ago (April 13, 2022, 9:05 a.m.)
Indexed	1 day ago (Sept. 2, 2025, 6:35 a.m.)
Issued	23 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 6, 2001)
Published	23 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 6, 2001)
Published Online	23 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 6, 2001)
Published Print	23 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 20, 2001)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Edelman_2001, title={Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems}, volume={98}, ISSN={1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.231499798}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.231499798}, number={24}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Edelman, Gerald M. and Gally, Joseph A.}, year={2001}, month=nov, pages={13763–13768} }

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