DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1533187100. Axonal plasticity and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice deficient in both glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin genes

Axonal plasticity and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice deficient in both glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin genes

10.1073/pnas.1533187100

Crossref journal-article

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (341)

Abstract

The lack of axonal regeneration in the injured adult mammalian spinal cord leads to permanent functional disabilities. The inability of neurons to regenerate their axon is appreciably due to an inhospitable environment made of an astrocytic scar. We generated mice knock-out for glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, the major proteins of the astrocyte cytoskeleton, which are upregulated in reactive astrocytes. These animals, after a hemisection of the spinal cord, presented reduced astroglial reactivity associated with increased plastic sprouting of supraspinal axons, including the reconstruction of circuits leading to functional restoration. Therefore, improved anatomical and functional recovery in the absence of both proteins highlights the pivotal role of reactive astrocytes in axonal regenerative failure in adult CNS and could lead to new therapies of spinal cord lesions.

Bibliography

Menet, V., Prieto, M., Privat, A., & Ribotta, M. G. y. (2003). Axonal plasticity and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice deficient in both glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(15), 8999â9004.

Authors 4

V. Menet (first)
M. Prieto (additional)
A. Privat (additional)
M. Giménez y Ribotta (additional)

References 39 Referenced 252

10.1126/science.6171034
Reier P. J. Eng L. F. & Jakeman L. (1989) in Neural Regeneration and Transplantation (Liss New York) pp. 183-209.
10.1111/j.1365-2990.1976.tb00488.x
10.1016/0006-8993(72)90398-8
Dahl, D., Rueger, D. C., Bignami, A., Weber, K. & Osborn, M. (1981) Eur. J. Cell Biol. 24, 191-196.7285936 / Eur. J. Cell Biol. (1981)
10.1097/00001756-199410000-00011
10.1006/nbdi.1995.0008
10.1083/jcb.131.2.453
10.1016/0896-6273(95)90238-4
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07147.x
McCall, A., Gregg, R. G., Behringer, R. R., Brenner, M., Delaney, C. L., Galbreath, E. J., Zhang, C. L., Pearce, R. A., Chiu, S. Y. & Messing, A. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6361-6366. / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995)
10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80194-4
10.1016/0092-8674(94)90553-3
10.1083/jcb.145.3.503
10.1002/1098-1136(200009)31:3<267::AID-GLIA80>3.0.CO;2-N
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06147.2001
10.1002/jnr.490410110
10.1006/exnr.1993.1017
10.1089/08977150252806965
10.1002/cne.902730110
10.1016/S0361-9230(00)00402-0
Gerin, C. & Privat, A. (1988) Brain Res. 794, 169-173. / Brain Res. (1988)
10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80141-9
10.1016/0014-4886(92)90174-O
10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(200007)31:1<69::AID-GLIA70>3.0.CO;2-W
10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02060.x
10.1016/0014-4886(84)90234-6
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05810.1999
10.1038/416636a
10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00096-0
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07097.2002
10.1016/S0079-6123(02)37026-2
10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80078-1
10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(19990101)25:1<33::AID-GLIA4>3.0.CO;2-J
10.1006/exnr.1997.6702
Privat, A., Giménez y Ribotta, M. & Orsal, D. (2000) Nat. Med. 6, 358. / Nat. Med. (2000)
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-13-05144.2000
10.1038/378498a0
10.1038/373

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 1 month ago (July 22, 2003, 3:39 p.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 4 months ago (April 13, 2022, 1:17 a.m.)
Indexed	5 days, 9 hours ago (Aug. 30, 2025, 1:05 p.m.)
Issued	22 years, 1 month ago (July 14, 2003)
Published	22 years, 1 month ago (July 14, 2003)
Published Online	22 years, 1 month ago (July 14, 2003)
Published Print	22 years, 1 month ago (July 22, 2003)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Menet_2003, title={Axonal plasticity and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice deficient in both glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin genes}, volume={100}, ISSN={1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1533187100}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1533187100}, number={15}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Menet, V. and Prieto, M. and Privat, A. and Ribotta, M. Giménez y}, year={2003}, month=jul, pages={8999–9004} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        30
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-30T17:05:53Z",
    "timestamp": 1756573553179
  },
  "reference-count": 39,
  "publisher": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
  "issue": "15",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "www.pnas.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        7,
        22
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>The lack of axonal regeneration in the injured adult mammalian spinal cord\n leads to permanent functional disabilities. The inability of neurons to\n regenerate their axon is appreciably due to an inhospitable environment made\n of an astrocytic scar. We generated mice knock-out for glial fibrillary acidic\n protein and vimentin, the major proteins of the astrocyte cytoskeleton, which\n are upregulated in reactive astrocytes. These animals, after a hemisection of\n the spinal cord, presented reduced astroglial reactivity associated with\n increased plastic sprouting of supraspinal axons, including the reconstruction\n of circuits leading to functional restoration. Therefore, improved anatomical\n and functional recovery in the absence of both proteins highlights the pivotal\n role of reactive astrocytes in axonal regenerative failure in adult CNS and\n could lead to new therapies of spinal cord lesions.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1533187100",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        7,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2003-07-22T19:39:06Z",
    "timestamp": 1058902746000
  },
  "page": "8999-9004",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.cm10313",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 252,
  "title": "Axonal plasticity and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice deficient in both glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin genes",
  "prefix": "10.1073",
  "volume": "100",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "V.",
      "family": "Menet",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la\r Recherche M\u00e9dicale U 583, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, Place E.\r Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; and\r Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel\r Hernandez\u2013Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Campus\r de San Juan, E-03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Prieto",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la\r Recherche M\u00e9dicale U 583, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, Place E.\r Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; and\r Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel\r Hernandez\u2013Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Campus\r de San Juan, E-03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Privat",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la\r Recherche M\u00e9dicale U 583, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, Place E.\r Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; and\r Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel\r Hernandez\u2013Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Campus\r de San Juan, E-03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "M. Gim\u00e9nez y",
      "family": "Ribotta",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la\r Recherche M\u00e9dicale U 583, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, Place E.\r Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; and\r Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel\r Hernandez\u2013Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Campus\r de San Juan, E-03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "341",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        7,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_1_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.6171034"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_2_2",
      "unstructured": "Reier P. J. Eng L. F. & Jakeman L. (1989) in Neural Regeneration and Transplantation (Liss New\n York) pp. 183-209."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2990.1976.tb00488.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-8993(72)90398-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_5_2",
      "first-page": "191",
      "volume": "24",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Dahl, D., Rueger, D. C., Bignami, A., Weber, K. & Osborn, M. (1981) Eur. J. Cell Biol. 24, 191-196.7285936",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00001756-199410000-00011"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/nbdi.1995.0008"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.131.2.453"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0896-6273(95)90238-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07147.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_11_2",
      "first-page": "6361",
      "volume": "93",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "McCall, A., Gregg, R. G., Behringer, R. R., Brenner, M., Delaney, C. L., Galbreath, E. J., Zhang, C. L., Pearce, R. A., Chiu, S. Y. & Messing, A. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6361-6366.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80194-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(94)90553-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.145.3.503"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1098-1136(200009)31:3<267::AID-GLIA80>3.0.CO;2-N"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06147.2001"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jnr.490410110"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/exnr.1993.1017"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1089/08977150252806965"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/cne.902730110"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0361-9230(00)00402-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_22_2",
      "first-page": "169",
      "volume": "794",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Gerin, C. & Privat, A. (1988) Brain Res. 794, 169-173.",
      "journal-title": "Brain Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80141-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-4886(92)90174-O"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(200007)31:1<69::AID-GLIA70>3.0.CO;2-W"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02060.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-4886(84)90234-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05810.1999"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_29_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/416636a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00096-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07097.2002"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_32_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0079-6123(02)37026-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_33_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80078-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_34_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(19990101)25:1<33::AID-GLIA4>3.0.CO;2-J"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_35_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/exnr.1997.6702"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_36_2",
      "first-page": "358",
      "volume": "6",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Privat, A., Gim\u00e9nez y Ribotta, M. & Orsal, D. (2000) Nat. Med. 6, 358.",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_37_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-13-05144.2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_38_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/378498a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_39_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/373"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1533187100",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2022,
        4,
        13
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2022-04-13T05:17:19Z",
    "timestamp": 1649827039000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1533187100"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        7,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 39,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "15",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2003,
          7,
          22
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1073/pnas.1533187100"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1533187100",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        7,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "2003-01-23",
      "order": 0,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "2003-07-14",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ]
}